Blood Bank 4 Flashcards
S and s code for the production of which siaglycoprotein?
Glycophorein B
All cells that are positive for either S or s are also positive for what antigen?
U
What temp doe anti-M most commonly react at?
Room temp or below
Anti-M and anti-N characteristics
Exhibit dosage
Inhibited by enzymes
Anti-S and anti-s react at what temp
37C and AHG
Does enzyme treatment effect reactivity of anti-S or -s
Variable effect
Is P1 or P2 more common
P1
What antigens do P1 individuals have
P1
P
Pk
What antigens do P2 individuals have
P
Pk
Which alloantibody, -P or -P1 is more significant for transfusion purposes
Anti-P
What autoantibody is known as Donath-Landsteiner antibody
Autoanti-P
How does Donath-Landsteiner Ab cause intravascular hemolysis
-P binds to RBCs at lower temps in peripheral circulation, activates complement which causes intravascular hemolysis when warmed back to 37C in body core
What disease is Donath-Landsteiner Ab associated with
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
From what is P1 substance made and what does it do
Pigeon egg whites
Inhibits P1 antibody reactions
What what temp does anti-LuA and what type of reactivity is seen
IS/room temp
Mf pattern of small agglutinates in background of free cells
At what phase does anti-LuB react
AHG and 37C
Is LuA high or low frequency
Low
Is LuB antigen high or low frequency
High
Most significant high frequency Kell antigen
k
KpB
JsB
What are the most significant low frequency Kell antigens
K
KpA
JsA
McLeod phenotype characteristics
Absence of normal XK1 gene
Kx Ag not produced
Kell antigens decreased in amount
McLeod syndrome sometimes associated with what immunodeficiency
Type 2 chronic granulomatous disease
K0 phenotype have what antigens
High level Kx
Lack all other Kell antigens
Antigen second to D in immunogenicity
Kell
At what phase do K system antigen show up
AHG only
What genes influence Lewis phenotype
Le
Se
Effect of pregnancy on Lewis antigens
Can cause transient decline
Lewis phenotype of leleSese individual
Le(a-b-)
No expression
Lewis phenotype of Lelesese individual
Le (a+b+)
LeA only
Lewis phenotype of LeleSese individual
Le (a-b+)
LeB only
Most common Lewis phenotype
LeB
Are Lewis antibodies commonly NRCS
Yes
Why do Lewis antibodies not commonly cause HDFN?
Usually IgM
Rarely IgG
Antigens not well developed at birth
What Duffy phenotype are most whites
FyAB (a+b+)
What Duffy phenotype are most blacks
Fy (a-b-)
Cells with Fy (a-b-) phenotype are resistant to what
Plasmodium vivax infection
At what phase do Duffy system antibodies show up
AHG
What does enzyme treatment of cells do to reactivity of Fy antibodies
Terminated reactivity
At what phase do Kidd antibodies show up
AHG
What activity of Kidd allows for detection
Complement binding activity
Causes hemolysis
Most common Kidd phenotype in whites
Jk (a+b+)
Most common Kidd phenotype in blacks
Jk (a+b-)
What trait of Kidd antibodies make them likely to cause HTR
Disappearing act, levels quickly fall to undetectable levels
Is I activity stronger in adult or newborn
Adult
Is i activity stronger in adult or newborn
Newborn
What type of adult has weak expression of I activity and strong expression of i activity and may develop a potent alloanti-I
ii phenotype seen in Japanese individuals
Potent autoanti-i capable of causing transient hemolytic anemia is often associated with what disease
Infectious mono
What precautions should be taken when transfusing a patient with a potent anti-I or -i
Blood warmer
Slower transfusion
Keep patient warm
What cold reactive alloantibody can group A individuals make which will cause serum to react with all group O cells, but not with group A cells
Anti-IH
Must use pre warmed technique
Characteristically clumps at IS then goes away
What antibodies are inactivated by enzyme treatment
XgA
Duffy (Fy)
M
N
Characteristics of anti-XgA
Doesn't usually cause HDFN 66% of males 89% of females Usually immune stimulated IgG Detected at AHG Binds complement Doesn't cause in vitro hemolysis
Type of reactivity seen with anti-SdA
Mixed field pattern of small tightly agglutinated refractile clumps in background of free cells at AHG
What can be used to neutralize anti-SdA
SdA substance found in urine
Which blood group shows a relationship with the HLA antigens found on young nucleated RBCs
Bg
HTLA stands for what
High titer low avidity
Chief features of HTLA antibodies
Typically demonstrate weak reactivity that persists even when sera is significantly diluted,
Pattern of reactivity at AHG often not reproducible,
IgG antibodies may be immune or naturally occurring
M and N code for production of which sialoglycoprotein?
Glycophorin A