blood and nutrition (medium) Flashcards
What are the 4 different types of anaemia
sickle cell anaemia
iron deficient anaemia
G6PD
mesoblastic
what is the management for sick cell anaemia crisis
fluid replacement
analgesia
antibiotics for any infections
what are the complications for sickle cell anaemia
leg ulcers
anaemia
renal failure
infections
management of haemolytic anaemia
folic acid supplements
what drug reduces the frequency of haemolytic anaemia and sickle cell crisis
hydroxycarbamide
what drugs are likely to cause haemolytic anaemia in those with G6PD deficiency
dapsone/ sulfones
fluoroquinolones/ quinolones
nitrofurantoin
what drugs have a possible risk of causing haemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency
aspirin chloroquine menadione quinine sulfonylureas
what are the 4 different types of oral iron tablets and their equivalent elemental iron dose
ferrous fumerate 200mg = 65mg iron
ferrous gluconate 300mg = 35mg iron
ferrous sulphate 300mg = 60mg iron
ferrous sulphate dried 300mg = 65mg iron
side effects of oral iron and how can these be reduced
constipation or diarrhoea
black tarry stools
take after food to reduce SE
although better absorption if taken before food
reversal for iron toxicity
desferrioxamine
counselling for iron preparations
stop in C.diff - may worsen due to diarrhoea
continue iron for 3 months after normal levels
take with vitamin C to increase absorption
what are the indications for parenteral iron and who should avoid
oral therapy not tolerated/ not working
chemotherapy induces anaemia
CKD receiving dialysis
AVOID IN PREGNANCY
MHRA warning parenteral iron and who are susceptible
serious hypersensitivity reaction
monitor for 30 minutes after each administration
high risk in allergy patients
what is mesoblastic anaemia
vitamin b12 deficiency/ malabsorption or folate deficiency
what is the management for mesoblastic anaemia
if vitamin B12 deficiency:
- give hydroxycobalamin (vitamin B12) in intervals up to 3 months (usually given for a period of time then 3 monthly)
if folate deficiency:
- give folic acid 5mg for 4 months
if emergency and deficiency unknown
- give both until results known
what are the doses of folic acid in pregnancy and risk of neural tube defects and what are the risk factors
regular pregnancy: 400mcg daily until 12 weeks of pregnancy
risk of NTD: 5mg daily until 12 weeks
risk factors:
- AED
- smoking
- sickle cell anaemia
- diabetes
- obesity
- antimalarial drugs
treatment for neutropenia
recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor
filgrastin
lenograstim
pegfilgrastim
lipefilgrastim
what is the normal range for calcium
2.2 - 2.6 mmol/l