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Biosci107 > Blood and Immune > Flashcards

Blood and Immune Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of blood plasma is water?

A

91.5%

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2
Q

What percentage of proteins in plasma is fibrinogen?

A

7%

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3
Q

How many platelets are there per micro litre of blood?

A

150000-400000

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4
Q

How many white blood cells are there per micro litre of blood?

A

5000-10000

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5
Q

How many erythrocytes are there per micro litre of blood?

A

4.8-5.4 million

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6
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes?

A

20-25%

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7
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are monocytes?

A

3-8%

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8
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are neutrophils?

A

60-70%

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9
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are eosinophils?

A

2-4%

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10
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are basophils?

A

0.5-1.0%

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11
Q

What percentage of proteins in the plasma is globulins?

A

38%

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12
Q

What percentage of proteins in plasma is albumin?

A

54%

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13
Q

After centrifuge what is the layer that forms between the plasma and erythrocytes?

A

Buffy coat containing white blood cells and platelets

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14
Q

What size is an erythrocyte?

A

8 micrometres

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15
Q

What is the structure of erythrocytes?

A

Bio concave discs without nuclei or organelles

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16
Q

How many haemoglobin molecules are present per erythrocyte?

A

280 million

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17
Q

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

120 days

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18
Q

What percentage of blood is haemoglobin?

A

15%

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19
Q

What percentage of human mass is blood?

A

8%

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20
Q

How many amino acids are in a lysozyme molecule?

A

129

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21
Q

What is the composition of the four chains in haemoglobin?

A

2 identical alpha chains of 141aa

2 identical beta chains of 146 aa

22
Q

How many amino acids in serum albumin?

A

585

23
Q

What is the composition of the four chains in an immunoglobulin molecule?

A

2 identical heavy chains of 434 aa

2 identical light chains of 213 aa

24
Q

Which two components of blood are mainly alpha helix?

A

Haemoglobin and Serum Albumin

25
Q

What percentage of plasma is serum albumin?

A

35%

26
Q

How many different domains does immunoglobulin have?

A

12

8 constant 4 variable

27
Q

What is the wavelength of light?

A

500 nano metres

28
Q

How long do monocytes circulate in the blood for before migrating into tissues and becoming macrophages?

A

5-8 days

29
Q

What is a normal concentration of T helper cells in blood?

A

1000 per micro litre

30
Q

What percentage of body mass is composed of lymphocytes?

A

2%

31
Q

How many lymphocytes are in the body and how many are renewed each day?

A

10^12

10^9

32
Q

What is the main function of lymphatic capillaries?

A

To drain interstitial fluid from around cells

33
Q

Which cells are the first to respond when pathogens enter the body?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells

34
Q

Which two types of cells become antigen presenting cells after having phagocytosed bacteria?

A

Macrophages and B cells

35
Q

How big is an antibody molecule?

A

3 micro metres

36
Q

How big is a B cell?

A

7 micro metres

37
Q

How big is a water molecule?

A

1/10 nanometre

38
Q

When was HIV first observed?

A

1979

39
Q

How big is the HIV molecule?

A

100 nano metres

40
Q

How many proteins are coded for by the genes found in the 9749 nucleotide RNA in HIV?

A

9 genes that code for 19 proteins

41
Q

When was Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy first discussed?

A

1995

42
Q

What two types of virus does HIV fall into?

A

Lentivirus and retrovirus

43
Q

How long does B Cell clonal expansion take to occur?

A

7-14 days

44
Q

MHCII is found on which type of cell in the immune response?

A

Antigen presenting cell

45
Q

On which type of cell would you find a TCR?

A

Inactive helper T Cell

46
Q

Which kinase is used to initiate costimulation of B cells and T cells?

A

Interleukins

47
Q

Which protein made from the env gene is on the outside of the HIV molecule?

A

gp120

48
Q

Which human protein does gp120 bind to?

A

CD4

49
Q

What are the three reasons why HIV is important?

A
  1. Epidemic is worldwide and out of control
  2. It is incurable
  3. There is no vaccine
50
Q

Which protein from the env gene allows the HIV virus to enter the cell?

A

gp41

51
Q

Which protein transforms the RNA of HIV into DNA to be incorporated into the host cell’s genome?

A

Reverse Transcriptase

Biosci107 (2 decks)

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