Blood and Immune

Question 1

What percentage of blood plasma is water?

Answer 1

91.5%

Question 2

What percentage of proteins in plasma is fibrinogen?

Answer 2

7%

Question 3

How many platelets are there per micro litre of blood?

Answer 3

150000-400000

Question 4

How many white blood cells are there per micro litre of blood?

Answer 4

5000-10000

Question 5

How many erythrocytes are there per micro litre of blood?

Answer 5

4.8-5.4 million

Question 6

What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes?

Answer 6

20-25%

Question 7

What percentage of white blood cells are monocytes?

Answer 7

3-8%

Question 8

What percentage of white blood cells are neutrophils?

Answer 8

60-70%

Question 9

What percentage of white blood cells are eosinophils?

Answer 9

2-4%

Question 10

What percentage of white blood cells are basophils?

Answer 10

0.5-1.0%

Question 11

What percentage of proteins in the plasma is globulins?

Answer 11

38%

Question 12

What percentage of proteins in plasma is albumin?

Answer 12

54%

Question 13

After centrifuge what is the layer that forms between the plasma and erythrocytes?

Answer 13

Buffy coat containing white blood cells and platelets

Question 14

What size is an erythrocyte?

Answer 14

8 micrometres

Question 15

What is the structure of erythrocytes?

Answer 15

Bio concave discs without nuclei or organelles

Question 16

How many haemoglobin molecules are present per erythrocyte?

Answer 16

280 million

Question 17

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

Answer 17

120 days

Question 18

What percentage of blood is haemoglobin?

Answer 18

15%

Question 19

What percentage of human mass is blood?

Answer 19

8%

Question 20

How many amino acids are in a lysozyme molecule?

Answer 20

129

Question 21

What is the composition of the four chains in haemoglobin?

Answer 21

2 identical alpha chains of 141aa

2 identical beta chains of 146 aa

Question 22

How many amino acids in serum albumin?

Answer 22

585

Question 23

What is the composition of the four chains in an immunoglobulin molecule?

Answer 23

2 identical heavy chains of 434 aa

2 identical light chains of 213 aa

Question 24

Which two components of blood are mainly alpha helix?

Answer 24

Haemoglobin and Serum Albumin

Question 25

What percentage of plasma is serum albumin?

Answer 25

35%

Question 26

How many different domains does immunoglobulin have?

Answer 26

12 | 8 constant 4 variable

Question 27

What is the wavelength of light?

Answer 27

500 nano metres

Question 28

How long do monocytes circulate in the blood for before migrating into tissues and becoming macrophages?

Answer 28

5-8 days

Question 29

What is a normal concentration of T helper cells in blood?

Answer 29

1000 per micro litre

Question 30

What percentage of body mass is composed of lymphocytes?

Answer 30

2%

Question 31

How many lymphocytes are in the body and how many are renewed each day?

Answer 31

10^12 | 10^9

Question 32

What is the main function of lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 32

To drain interstitial fluid from around cells

Question 33

Which cells are the first to respond when pathogens enter the body?

Answer 33

Neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells

Question 34

Which two types of cells become antigen presenting cells after having phagocytosed bacteria?

Answer 34

Macrophages and B cells

Question 35

How big is an antibody molecule?

Answer 35

3 micro metres

Question 36

How big is a B cell?

Answer 36

7 micro metres

Question 37

How big is a water molecule?

Answer 37

1/10 nanometre

Question 38

When was HIV first observed?

Answer 38

1979

Question 39

How big is the HIV molecule?

Answer 39

100 nano metres

Question 40

How many proteins are coded for by the genes found in the 9749 nucleotide RNA in HIV?

Answer 40

9 genes that code for 19 proteins

Question 41

When was Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy first discussed?

Answer 41

1995

Question 42

What two types of virus does HIV fall into?

Answer 42

Lentivirus and retrovirus

Question 43

How long does B Cell clonal expansion take to occur?

Answer 43

7-14 days

Question 44

MHCII is found on which type of cell in the immune response?

Answer 44

Antigen presenting cell

Question 45

On which type of cell would you find a TCR?

Answer 45

Inactive helper T Cell

Question 46

Which kinase is used to initiate costimulation of B cells and T cells?

Answer 46

Interleukins

Question 47

Which protein made from the env gene is on the outside of the HIV molecule?

Answer 47

gp120

Question 48

Which human protein does gp120 bind to?

Answer 48

CD4

Question 49

What are the three reasons why HIV is important?

Answer 49

1. Epidemic is worldwide and out of control 2. It is incurable 3. There is no vaccine

Question 50

Which protein from the env gene allows the HIV virus to enter the cell?

Answer 50

gp41

Question 51

Which protein transforms the RNA of HIV into DNA to be incorporated into the host cell's genome?

Answer 51

Reverse Transcriptase