Blood and Immune Flashcards
Is an innate immune response immediate or something that is developed
ADAPTIVE immune response is IMMEDIATE
Is an adaptive immune response immediate or something that is developed
ADAPTIVE immune response is THINGS BODY DEVELOPS IN RESPONS TO SPECIFIC PATHOGENS
Shape of antibodies and their function
Y-shape and respond to pathogens
Name the 3 Blood components/layers
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells/platelets
- Plasma: H2O + dissolved subst.
What blood component carries ion and gives blood its colour
Red blood cells
What proteins circulate around the body
- antibodies
- Hormones
- Other signalling molecules
- Coagulants; many Fibrinogen (clotting)
What the cloudy middle layer of blood contains
- White blood cells
- Platelets
What are white blood cells
Immune cells sit/circulate
What is more liquid blood component
plasma
What rbc carry
Oxygen
What wbc do
Fight infection
Another name of white blood cells
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
Platelets are bits of membrane-enclosed cytoplasm that aid in…
Clotting
How platelets form a clot
Rbc + fibrin come together, mesh to form protein layers
Name 3 key wbc types
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
Features of neutrophils
- Uneven, multilobed nuclei
- Most abundant type of wbc
- Phagocytic
Features of lymphocytes
- Round, circular with even nucleus
- Adaptive immune response
Types of lymphocytes and their functions
- B cells: produce antibodies
- T cells: helper… help B cells to produce antibodies
Features of monocytes
- Kidney bean nuclei
- Scavenger cells
- Send out signals to other cells in immune system
- Precursors to macrophages
- Recognise pathogens + infection response
What are the immune signalling cells sent out by monocytes
Secrete cytokines
Purpose of immune system
Defence to prevent invading pathogens/microbes
Two major functions of the immune system
- Differentiates between self vs. non-self
- Seek + destroy what is non-self (foreign/pathogens)
Is tolerance of learning what is self vs. non-self to determine response learned or innate
LEARNED
What is autoimmune disease caused by
System responds to self which can damage tissue
Define pathology
The study of diseases and how they progress
What is “something that causes a disease (bacteria/virus/fungi)”
Pathogen
Immunogenic: something which ___ an immune response in the body, this can be a ____ (antibody) and/or __-____ immune response
Immunogenic: something which (induces) an immune response in the body, this can be a (humoral) (antibody) and/or (cell-mediated) immune response
Define antigen
A molecule which induces an immune response via a lymphocyte
What do pathogens have lots of on their surface
Antigens
Define antibody
A molecular component of the immune system that recognises and binds/interacts with antigens
What are the 2 parts to the innate immune response
- External innate first line defences
- Internal innate second line defences
Things that contribute to the external first line innate defence
- Skin
- Secretions
- Mucous membranes
