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Zoology > Blood And Circulatory System > Flashcards

Blood And Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the blood comprises plasma?

A

Plasma comprises 55% of blood

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2
Q

Plasma consists of -

A

Water (92%), Proteins (6-8%), Ions, minerals and nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, lipids which are always in transit.

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3
Q

Which component of plasma is always in transit?

A

Ions, minerals, nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, lipids are always in motion

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4
Q

What are the different types proteins in plasma?

A

Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are the proteins in plasma

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5
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen in plasma?

A

Fibrinogen is in involved in the process of clotting of blood

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6
Q

What is the function of globulin in plasma?

A

Globulins serve two main functions which are transport of substances and regulating defense mechanism of the blood.

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7
Q

Globulins which provide defense mechanism are called

A

Immunoglobulin

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8
Q

What percentage of blood computing the formed elements?

A

Formed elements comprises 45% of the blood

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9
Q

What are the different types of cells included within formed elements?

A

White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells and Platelets are together called formed elements

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10
Q

White Blood Cells are also known as

A

Leucocytes

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11
Q

Why aren’t white blood cells not white?

A

White Blood Cells are colourless and not white as they lack haemoglobin.

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12
Q

How many WBC are found in per mm³ of blood?

A

6000 - 8000 wbc’s are found per mm³ of blood

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13
Q

Why are WBC colorless?

A

WBC are colorless as they lack haemoglobin

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14
Q

What is the most abundant cell in blood?

A

Red blood cells or erythrocytes are most abundant cells in blood

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15
Q

Red blood cells are also known as

A

Erythrocytes

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16
Q

How many RBC are present in blood?

A

5 - 5.5 million RBC’s are found per mm³ of blood

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17
Q

RBC’s are formed in

A

Red bone marrow

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18
Q

Why are RBC’s devoid of nucleus and biconcave in shape?

A

RBC’s are biconcave and devoid of nucleus to make space for haemoglobin in the cell

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19
Q

How can RBC’s carry haemoglobin?

A

RBC’s cash haemoglobin due to their biconcave shape, as erythrocytes do not have nucleus it makes up the space

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20
Q

What is the life span of RBC?

A

120 days

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21
Q

How many games of haemoglobin is present in 100 ml of blood?

A

12 - 16 grams

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22
Q

Haemoglobin plays a significant role in

A

Transport of respiratory gases

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23
Q

How do sponges and coelentrates facilitate their cells to exchange substances?

A

Sponges and coelentrates circulate water to facilitate their cells to exchange substances. This a mechanism of transporting substances in simpler organisms.

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24
Q

What are the two types of WBC’s?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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25
Q

How are Granulocytes different from Agranulocytes morphologically?

A

Granulocytes have granules within their cells. Agranulocytes are clear and don’t have granules within them

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26
Q

What are the different types of Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, and acidophils aka eosinophils are the different types of granulocytes

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27
Q

Neutrophils are stained by

A

Neutral dye

28
Q

Basophils are stained by

A

Basic dye

29
Q

Eosinophils are stained by

A

Acidic dye

30
Q

Which WBC are phagocytic in nature?

A

Monocytes and Neutrophils

31
Q

Which type of white blood cell is elevated during infection or allergies

A

Acidophilsaka eosinophils

32
Q

Basophils secrete

A

Histamine, Heparin and seretonin

33
Q

What is the function of heparin, histamine and seretonin respectively?

A

Anti-Coagulant, Vasodilator, Vasoconstrictor

34
Q

What are the different Agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

35
Q

List the two types of Lymphocytes?

A

B and T lymphocytes

36
Q

B lymphocytes are responsible for which type of immunity

A

Anti body mediated

37
Q

T lymphocytes are responsible for which type of immunity

A

Cell mediated

38
Q

Arrange the WBC’s in decreasing order of their number in blood

A

Neutrophil > Lymphocyte > Monocyte > Acidophil > Basophil

39
Q

What is the percentage of Neutrophil?

A

60 - 65%

40
Q

Percentage of Lymphocyte in blood is -

A

20 - 25%

41
Q

Percentage of Monocytes in blood -

A

6 - 8 %

42
Q

Percentage of acidophils in blood -

A

2 - 3 %

43
Q

Percentage of basophils in blood -

A

0.5 - 1%

44
Q

Which cells are involved in inflammatory reactions?

A

Basophils

45
Q

What are platelets also called?

A

Thrombocytes

46
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

Thrombocytes are formed from the cell fragments of megakaryocytes

47
Q

Whet are megakaryocytes found?

A

Megakaryocytes are special cells found in bone marrow

48
Q

Blood normally contains _________ platelets per mm³

A

1,50,000 - 3,50,000 per mm³

49
Q

Platelets release a variety of __________ which are involved in the coagulation of blood

A

Clotting factors

50
Q

Reduction of platelet count can lead to

A

Clotting disorders (Anemia)

51
Q

What are two widely used groupings of blood?

A

ABO and Rh blood grouping

52
Q

ABO blood grouping is based on

A

Presence or absence of antigens on the surface of RBC

53
Q

What are the two types of surface antigen on RBC?

A

A & B antigen

54
Q

What is antigen?

A

Antigen are chemicals that induce a chemical response

55
Q

What are antibodies?

A

They are the proteins secreted in response to antigen

56
Q

What are the two anti body present in the plasma?

A

Anti - A & Anti - B

57
Q

What are the four different types of blood groups on the bases of ABO blood grouping?

A

A, B, AB & O blood group

58
Q

List the antigen and antibody present in individuals of blood group A?

A

Antigen- A, Antibody - Anti B

59
Q

Where are antigens and antibody present in blood?

A

Antigens are located on the surface of RBC’s whereas antibodies are present in the plasma

60
Q

List the antigen and antibody present in individuals of blood group B

A

Antigen - B, Antibody - Anti-A

61
Q

Which blood group does not have any antigen?

A

Blood group O

62
Q

Which blood group does not have any antbody?

A

Blood group AB

63
Q

Which blood group is known as universal donor?

A

Blood group O

64
Q

Why is blood group ‘O’ regarded as universal donor?

A

Blood group O contains no antigen on the surface of it’s RBC, therfore receivers blood cannot detect it and produce antibodies

65
Q

Why is blood group ‘AB’ regarded as universal acceptor?

A

Blood group AB is known as universal acceptor because it has no anti bodies in it’s plasma to create an immune response against donor’s antigens

66
Q

We cannot use any blood for blood transfusion explain.

A

Donor’s blood and receiver’s blood have to be matched before transfusion. This is important to avoid any severe clumping of blood.

67
Q

What do you mean by clumping of blood?

A

Clumping of blood refers to destruction of RBC

Zoology (1 decks)

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