Blood and Blood Products Flashcards
Is the IV administration of whole blood or blood components such as packed red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, or plasma.
Blood Transfusion
Objectives for administration of blood transfusion
-Increasing circulating blood volume after surgery, trauma, or hemorrhage
-Increasing the number of RBCs and maintaining hemoglobin levels in patients with severe anemia
-Providing selected cellular components as replacement therapy
If incompatible blood is transfused, the patient’s antibodies trigger RBC destruction in a potentially dangerous=
transfusion reaction
Individuals with type A blood have __antigens on their RBCs and anti-__ antibodies in their plasma.
A, B
Individuals with type B blood have __ antigens on their RBCs and anti-__antibodies in their plasma.
B, A
A person who has type AB blood has both ______ antigens on the RBCs and __ antibodies against either antigen in the plasma.
A and B, no
A type O individual has neither ______antigens on RBCs but has both anti-__ and anti-__ antibodies in the plasma
A nor B, A/B
Another consideration when matching blood components for transfusions is the _______, which refers to another antigen in RBC membranes.
Rh factor
People with type O-negative blood are considered
universal blood donors
People with type AB-positive blood are called ___________________because they can receive blood / blood products of any ABO type.
universal blood recipients
The collection and reinfusion of a patient’s own blood.
Autologous transfusion
ALWAYS WEAR ________ WHEN WORKING WITH BLOOD / BLOOD PRODUCTS!
GLOVES
For patients safety verify three things:
-That the blood components delivered are the ones that were ordered
-That the blood delivered to a patient is compatible with the blood type listed in the medical record
-That the right patient receives the blood.
_____________ is critical because of the risk of transfusion reactions!
Assessment
Adults require a large catheter - ____________
20 to 22 gauge
Prime the tubing with _____________________to prevent hemolysis or breakdown of RBCs. Do NOT use any other solution!
0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)
No_____________________ can EVER be mixed into blood!
medications or other additives
Must be transfused within 4 hours of leaving the blood bank, ideally it would be completed in _________
2 hours
Check the patient’s vital signs within _________ prior to transfusion, __________ after initiating transfusion, upon completion of the transfusion, ________ after the transfusion has been completed
30 min, 15 minutes, 1 hour
Approximately 90% of transfusion reactions are caused by improper________________________
identification of unit or recipient
Anytime a blood transfusion reaction occurs you usually:
STOP THE INFUSION then keeping the intravenous line open and patent by setting up new IV tubing primed with saline and connecting to the patient’s vascular access port and infusing the normal saline
Do not just_________________________________, remember there is still blood in the tubing and if you truly suspect an adverse reaction you do not want your patient to continue to receive any more blood products
turn off the blood and open the normal saline side of the blood tubing
MOST common transfusion reaction. Caused by WBC antigen-antibody reaction. May begin early in transfusion or as long as several hours after completion. Observe for fever (2 degrees Ferenheit), headache, flushed face, chills, changes in vital signs
Febrile, nonhemolytic reaction
Caused by recipient sensitivity to allergens in the blood components. Usually begins within minutes of transfusion initiation. Observe for hives (urticaria), itching, redness, and wheezing, also flushing, hypotension (depending on whether the reaction is mild or severe). No free hemoglobin (hemolysis).
Allergic reaction (mild to moderate)
