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Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Content of blood

A

55% plasma

45% formed elements

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2
Q

Content formed elements

A

99% RBC

1% WBC+ platelets

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3
Q

Leukocytes

A

White Blood Cells
Nucleated
“True” cells

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4
Q

Erythrocytes

A 
Red blood cells
No nucleus (mammals)
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5
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets
Non nucleated
Made by cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

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6
Q

Plasma

A

92% water
7% proteins
1% other (fibrinogen)

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7
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumin 60%
Globulins 35%
Fibrinogen 4%
Other 1%

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8
Q

Albumin

A 
60%
Regulates osmosis/water balance
Transports proteins
Regulates pH
Made in liver
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9
Q

Fibrinogen

A

4%
Blood coagulation
Homeostasis
Made in liver

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10
Q

Globulin

A

35%
Alpha and beta= transport made in liver
Gamma= defense (synthezised in lymphoid system)

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11
Q

Serum protein electrophoresis

A

Separating proteins due to size and charge

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12
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without fibrinogen and clotting proteins

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13
Q

Blood functions

A

Transport
Homeostasis
Immune defense
Hemostasis

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14
Q

Volemia

A

Total blood volume

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15
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by proteins

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16
Q

VSE/sedimentation rate

A

Falling rate of RBC in tube with anti-coagulant

17
Q

pH of blood

A

7,35 to 7,45

18
Q

Haemopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cellular components

Derives from pluripotent stem cells (red bone marrow)

19
Q

Erythropoetin

A

Made in kidneys
Protein stimulating RBC production
Immature erythrocytes =reticulocytes

20
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Hypoxia sensed by kidney
Erythropoetin produced
Red marrow increases RBC production
Blood oxygen is increased

21
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase of RBC

22
Q

Anemia

A

Low RBC

23
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC

24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 polypeptide chains
4 heme groups
Capacity to carry 4 oxygen

25
Q

Hemolysis of RBC

A

10% in blood stream
90% in liver by mono nuclear phagocyte systems
Average life-span 120 days

26
Q

Fe metabolism

A

RBC dies and breaks down to heme+globin
Globin breaks down to aminoacids
Heme into Fe carried by transferrin to liver or transformed into billiverdin to bilirubin carried to liver made to bile in kidneys/intestines

27
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Production of WBC

differentiated in lymphtissue (nodes, spleen, thymus)

28
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

29
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

30
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBC

Physiological or pathological

31
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC

always pathological

32
Q

Neutrophil

A 
50-70%
Lobulated nucleus
Granular cytoplasm
First line of defense
Phagocytic
More lobulated with age
Increased when stress, burns, bacterial infect.
Decreased when radiation, B12 deficiency
33
Q

Eosinophil

A 
2-4%
2 lobuled nucleus
Large red granules when stained
Antiparasitic-releases granules
Histamine
Allergy reaction
34
Q

Basophils

A

Less than 1%
Large blue granules when stained
Releases heparin and histamine allergic reactions
Intensifies inflammatory response
Increased when allergy, leukemia, cancer, hypothyriodism
Decreased when pregnancy, ovulation, strsss, hyperthyroidism

35
Q

Monocytes

A 
3-8%
Largest
Kidney-shaped nucleus
Non-granular
When in tissue=macrophage
Increased when infection, TBC
Decreased when bone marrow depression, cortisol treatment
36
Q

Lymphocytes

A 
20-25%
Large round nucleus
Small
B-lymphocytes 
T-lymphocytes 
Natural killer cells
37
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

Parts of megakaryocytes

38
Q

Trombopoeitin

A

Hormone regulating production of thrombocytes
Synthesized in liver+kidneys
Stored in spleen
Old platelets phagocyted in spleen or by kupffer cells in liver
Alpha-granules= coagulation, fibrinogen
Delta-granules= dense, serotonin, ADP, ca2+

Physiology (13 decks)

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