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Blood Bio 202 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dietary. Requirements for Erythropoiesis

A

Amino acids, lipids, and carbs

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2
Q

RBC Life Span

A

100-120 days

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3
Q

How and where are RBC’s eliminate

A

Macrophages engulf dying RBC’s in the spleen

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4
Q

What is separated from the RBC’s during RBC death

A

Heme and globin

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5
Q

What is salvaged from the heme and globin for reuse

A

Iron

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6
Q

What is Globin metabolized into

A

Amino Acids

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7
Q

Erythrocyte Disorders

A

Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Thalassemias, Sickle Cell

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8
Q

Clot breakdown. What is the name of this process

A

Fibrinolysis

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9
Q

What does plasmin do during Fibrinolysis

.

A

Breaks down the clot and digests the enzymes

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10
Q

_________ inhibits clotting.

A

Heparin

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11
Q

____________ is bound to fibrin threads and prevents it from acting elsewhere when not needed.

A

Thrombin

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12
Q

What three natural occurring anti-coagulants inactivate thrombin.

A

Antithrombin 3, protein C, and Heparin

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13
Q

This vitamin acts as a potent anticoagulant and prevents platelet adhesion

A

Vitamin Equinine

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14
Q

This is secreted by endothelial cells to prevent platelet adhesion to the vessel wall

A

Prostacyclin

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15
Q

What 3 things may cause Disseminated Intravascular Clotting (DIC)

A

Pregnancy
Septicemia
Incompatible Bl Transfusion

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16
Q

What happens during DIC

A

Widespread clotting blocks blocks bl flow. This may cause severe bleeding due to intact RBC’s to become damaged as they pass through the clots.

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17
Q

Define Thrombocytopenia

A

Deficient number of circulating platelets

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18
Q

What may appear on the skin due to widespread spontaneous hemorrhage?

A

Petechiae

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19
Q

What causes thrombocytopenia

A

Suppression or destruction on bone marrow.

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20
Q

How is thrombocytopenia treated

A

With transfusions of concentrated platelets.

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21
Q

What can impaired liver function cause?

A

The inability to synthesize anticoagulants

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22
Q

What can cause impaired liver function

A

Cirrhosis, Hepatitis C, Vit K deficiency

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23
Q

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of what clotting factor

A

Factor VIII

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24
Q

Hemophilia B is caused by an issue with what clotting factor

A

Factor IX

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25
Q

Hemophilia C is caused by a deficiency of what clotting factor

A

Factor XI

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26
Q

What defines a persons bl type

A

The type of antigens present in the bl

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27
Q

A person with antigen AB and a RH+ factor would have what bl type.

A

AB+

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28
Q

What is the cause of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

When an RH- mother gives birth to an RH+ baby. The RH- blood passes through the placenta to the fetus and can cause widespread RBC destruction.

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29
Q

What drug can treat Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

A

RhoGam

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30
Q

Besides RhoGam, what else can be done to treat Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

A

Whole Blood Transfusions.

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31
Q

True or False. Hb has O2 and CO2 carrying capabilities.

A

True.

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32
Q

Bl plasma is ______% water

A

90%

33
Q

Albumin makes up _____% of Bl plasma

A

60%

34
Q

Globulins make up _______% of Bl Plasma

A

36%

35
Q

Fibrinogen makes up ______% of Bl plasma

A

4%

36
Q

What are the only complete blood cells?

A

WBC’s

37
Q

RBC’s have no _________________ and ATP production is __________

A

Mitochondria / Anaerobic

38
Q

RBC’s have >_______% what?

A

97% hemoglobin

39
Q

HB globin chains have ____alpha and _____ beta chains

A

2 / 2

40
Q

Each Hb can transport _______ O2

A

4

41
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

In the red bone marrow of flat bones.

42
Q

What are hemocytoblasts?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

43
Q

what is erythropoiesis?

A

RBC production

44
Q

Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on what two factors?

A

Hormonal controls

Adequate supplies of iron, amino acids, and b vitamins

45
Q

What hormone is responsible for the direct stimulus of RBC production

A

EPO - Erythropoietin

46
Q

What is hemolytic anemia

A

RBC premature rupture

47
Q

Aplastic anemia - what causes it?

A

Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

48
Q

what causes pernicious anemia

A

Deficiency of Vit B12

Lack of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of Vitb12

49
Q

Tx for pernicious anemia

A

Vit b12 injections or application of Nascobal

50
Q

What causes Thalassemias

A

Absent or faulty globin chain

51
Q

What is a result of Thalassemias

A

Delicate RBC’s and deficient Hb

52
Q

What causes sickle cell

A

Faulty genetic code of hemoglobin

53
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Abnormally high RBC count

54
Q

What is a result of polycythemia

A

Increased bl viscosity, increased bl pressure

55
Q

Polycythemia Vera is caused by

A

Cancer

56
Q

What causes secondary polycythemia

A

High altitude

57
Q

True or false - Neutrophils are the most abundant WBC.

A

True

58
Q

When are neutrophils present

A

During a bacterial infection

59
Q

True or False - Neutrophils, Esonophils, and Basophils are phagocytic.

A

True

60
Q

True or False. Eosinophils attack worms.

A

True

61
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are also known as…..

A

Neutrophils

62
Q

True or False. Basophils do not release histamine.

A

False.

63
Q

True or false. Leukocytes are crucial to immunity

A

True

64
Q

What are the two types of leukocytes.

A

T cells - act against virus infections (active in thymus)

B cells - Give rise to plasma cell which produce antibodies. (Active in bone marrow.)

65
Q

What is the largest leukocyte?

A

Monocytes

66
Q

True or false. Monocytes help mount an immune system response.

A

True.

67
Q

What age group is acute leukemia present in?

A

Children

68
Q

True or False. Only adults are classified with chronic leukemia.

A

True.

69
Q

What does myelotic leukemia involve.

A

Myeloblasts.

70
Q

What is involved in lymphatic leukemia?

A

Lymphocytes.

71
Q

What causes death in someone with leukemia?

A

Overwhelming infections

Internal hemorrhage

72
Q

What are platelets made of?

A

Small fragments of megakaryocytes.

73
Q

What regulates Platelets

A

Thrombopoietin.

74
Q

A fast series of reactions for the stoppage of bleeding is called___________

A

Hemostasis

75
Q

What happens during Hemostasis?

A

Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation

76
Q

True or False. Platelet formation is due to a negative feedback system.

A

False. It occurs due to a positive feedback system.

77
Q

What are the steps involved in platelet formation

A

Fibrinogen, a liquid, is acted upon by thrombin to create fibrin, a gel.

78
Q

True or False. The process in which prothrombin is formed is both intrinsic and extrinsic.

A

True.

Blood Bio 202 (1 decks)

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