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Chapter 19 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by a liquid extra cellular matrix

A

Blood

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2
Q

Fluid that bathes body cells and is constantly renewed by the blood

A

Interstitial fluid

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3
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation, regulation, protection

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4
Q

The straw colored liquid that is left after formed elements are removed from blood

A

Blood plasma

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5
Q

Proteins confined to blood

A

Plasma proteins

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6
Q

Three types of plasma proteins

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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7
Q

Three principal components of formed elements of the blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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8
Q

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs

A

Red blood cells

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9
Q

Protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances

A

White blood cells

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10
Q

Fragments of cells that do not have a nucleus; release chemicals that promote blood clotting when blood vessels are damaged

A

Platelets

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11
Q

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

When the percentage of RBCs is abnormally high

A

Polyphemus

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13
Q

Process by which the formed elements of blood develop

A

Hemopoeisis

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14
Q

Highly vascularized connective tissue located in the microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone

A

Red bone marrow

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15
Q

Derived from mesenchyme; have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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16
Q

Begin their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

A

Myeloid stem cells

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17
Q

Give rise to lymphocytes, begin their development in red blood marrow but complete it in lymphatic tissues

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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18
Q

No longer capable of reproducing themselves and are committed to giving rise to more specific elements of blood

A

Progenitor cells

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19
Q

Regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

A

Hemopoietic growth factors

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20
Q

Increases the number of red blood cell precursors

A

Erythropoietin

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21
Q

Hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes

A

Thrombopoietin

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22
Q

Small glycoproteins that are typically produced by cells such as red bone marrow cells,leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells

A

Cytokines

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23
Q

Two important families of cytokines that stimulate white blood cell formation

A

Colony-stimulating factors and interleukins

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24
Q

Pigment that gives whole blood it’s red color

A

Hemoglobin

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25
Produced by endothelial cells that line blood vessels and binds to hemoglobin
Nitric oxide
26
The production of red blood cells
Erythropoiesis
27
The beginning part of erythropoiesis, Divides several times, producing cells that begin to synthesis hemoglobin
Proerythroblast
28
Cellular oxygen deficiency
Hypoxia
29
Have nuclei and a full complement of other organelles but they do not contain hemoglobin
White blood cells
30
Three types of granular leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
31
Two agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
32
Increase in the number of white blood cells
Leukocytosis
33
Abnormally low level of white blood cells
Leukopenia
34
Process where white blood cells leave the bloodstream
Emigration
35
Help white blood cells stick to the endothelium
Adhesion molecules
36
Ingesting bacteria and disposing of dead matter
Phagocytosis
37
Proteins that exhibit a broad range of antibiotic activity against bacteria
Defensins
38
Fragment enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane; Break off from the megakaryocytes in red bone marrow and then enter blood circulation
Platelet
39
Replacement of cancerous or abnormal red bone marrow with healthy red bone marrow in order to establish normal blood cell counts
Bone marrow transplant
40
Sequence of responses that stop bleeding
Hemostasis
41
The loss of a large amount of blood from the vessels
Hemorrhage
42
A hormone that can cause proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts to help repair damage blood vessel walls
Platelet-derived growth factor
43
Blood plasma minus the clotting proteins; straw colored liquid
Serum
44
Network of insoluble protein fibers called fiber in which the formed elements of blood are trapped
Blood clot
45
Process of gel formation; series of chemical reactions that culminates in formation of fibrin threads
Clotting
46
When blood clots too easy, it can result in
Thrombosis
47
Consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot
Clot retraction
48
Dissolves small inappropriate clots
Fibrinolytic system
49
Damage to smooth muscle, constricting to slow blood flow
Vascular spasm
50
When platelets stuck to damaged blood vessels
Platelet adhesion (first step of platelet plug formation)
51
Platelets activate, extend projections that enable them to interact to one another; begin to liberate the contents of their vesicles
Platelet release reaction (step 2 of platelet plug formation)
52
Release of ADP makes other platelets sticky, causing them to stick where original ones are
Platelet aggregation (final step of platelet plug formation)
53
Extrinsic pathway
Tissue trauma->Tissue factor->activated clotting factor X-> prothrombin->thrombin->fibrin
54
Intrinsic pathway
Exposed collagen -> activates clotting factor XII -> clotting factor X -> prothrombin -> thrombin -> fibrin
55
Common pathway
Prothrombin, thrombin, fibril
56
Consolidation or tightening of fibrin clot
Clot retraction
57
Tear down of fibrin; dissolving clot
Fibrinolysis
58
The three Anticoagulants are:
Antithrombin, heparin, protein C
59
Attack antigens; come from B cells
Antibodies
60
Transfer of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream or directly into red bone marrow
Transfusion
61
Clumping of RBCs
Agglutination
62
Rupture of the RBCs and the release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma
Hemolysis
63
When small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from the fetus into the placenta into the bloodstream of Rh- mother, mother begins to make anti-Rh antibodies
Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Chapter 19 (1 decks)

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