Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science For Med A ellen > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main functions of blood?

A
  • Carriage of biologically active material and gases.
  • Clotting
  • Defence
  • Maintenance of ECF pH
  • Thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of plasma proteins?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulin
  3. Fibrinogen and clotting factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by colloidal oncotic pressure?

A

This is the ‘pull’ created by plasma proteins. It pulls water across the endothelial cells of the capillary wall. Sodium can follow, long with other penetrating components of the ISF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can Red Blood Cells also be called?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structure of erythrocytes.

A

Biconcave disk shape, without a nucleus. This allows more space for haemoglobin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

This is the development of erythrocytes from pluripotent stem cells, accelerated by erythropoietin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most abundant blood cell?

A

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the structure of platelets.

A

Cell fragments

Megakaryocyte cytoplasm wrapped up in megakaryocyte membrane. No nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do monocyte cells mature into?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

To engulf and destroy pathogens in phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A
  • Phagocytosis

- To trap pathogens in NETs (Neutrophil extracellular traps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

To attack pathogens which are too large for neutrophils and other defensive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what scenario is eosinophil count extremely elevated?

A

During an allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

To release histamine and heparin to stimulate inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the largest white blood cell?

A

Monocyte

17
Q

Which is the most abundant white blood cell?

A

Neutrophil

18
Q

What controls white blood cell formation?

A

Cytokines

19
Q

Which WBC is used to attack parasites?

A

Eosinophils

20
Q

Describe the process of haemotaxis.

A

Infected cells produce a chemical messenger, which diffuses throughout the ECF, staying strongest at site of infection. The chemical enters blood stream and alerts WBCs. The chemical then acts as a trail, leading WBC to site of infection.

21
Q

What is the name given to the process of WBC formation?

A

Leukopoiesis

22
Q

Describe the process of leucopoiesis.

A
  • Cytokines are released from endothelial cells, fibroblasts and mature WBCs.
  • Stimulate mitosis and maturation of leaukocytes
  • Composition of cytokine cocktail changes as a result of particular infection
  • For example, in the event of a bacterial infection, cytokine cocktail is required to stimulate the synthesis of more neutrophils than usual.
23
Q

What WBC is best for neutralising bacterial pathogens?

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

What WBC is best for neutralising viral pathogens?

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

What protein controls the formation of platelets?

A

Thrombopoietin

26
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Adhere to damaged vessels and connective tissue to mediate blood clotting

27
Q

What is meant by the viscosity of blood?

A

How thick it is compared to water

28
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin?

A

Stimulates the creation of erythroblasts from pluripotent stem cells?

29
Q

What increases the secretion of erythropoietin?

A

Decreased delivery of oxygen to the kidney (e.g. through haemorrhage, anaemia, lung disease or cardiac dysfunction.

30
Q

What is meant by haematocrit?

A

The volume percentage of RBCs in blood.
Typically 40-54% in males
Typically 37-47% in females

31
Q

What three factors affect blood viscosity?

A

Haematocrit, temperature and flow rate

Science For Med A ellen (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions