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Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what % of blood is plasma?

A

over half, about 55%

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2
Q

what % of whole blood is made of erythrocytes?

A

about 45%

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3
Q

what is hematocrit?

A

red blood cells

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4
Q

what are normal levels of hematocrit for men? women?

A

men: 47%
women: 42%

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5
Q

how much more viscous is blood than water?

A

5x

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6
Q

what is the pH range for blood?

A

7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)

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7
Q

what is normal blood temperature?

A

103 degree far.

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8
Q

what is the average volume of blood in men? women?

A

men: 5-6L
women: 4-5L

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9
Q

what does blood regulate?

A

body temperature, pH, and fluid volume

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10
Q

what % of blood plasma is water?

A

90%

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11
Q

what are the solutes of blood plasma? (6)

A

nutrients, gases (O2, CO2), hormones, waste products, electrolytes, proteins

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12
Q

what is the most abundant plasma protein at about 60%?

A

albumin

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13
Q

what is the function of albumin and what is it made by?

A

main contributor to maintaining water volume (osmotic pressure)
made by the liver

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14
Q

what is the function of alpha and beta globulins and what is it made by?

A

transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins

made by the liver

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15
Q

what is the function of gamma gloublins and what is it made by?

A

antibodies during an immune response

made by plasma cells

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16
Q

what is the function of fibrinogen and what is it made by?

A

help clot blood; made by the liver

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17
Q

how many molecules of hemoglobin does each red blood cell carry?

A

250 million molecules - thus can can transport 1 billion oxygen molecules

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18
Q

what is erythopoesis?

A

the production of red blood cells

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19
Q

where are erythrocytes produced?

A

in red bone marrow - located in epiphysis of long bones

20
Q

what hormone helps with the production of erythrocytes and what gland makes it?

A

EPO which is produced by the kidney

21
Q

what 3 things are required to make blood?

A

folic acid, vitamin b12, and iron

22
Q

what is the stem cell for a red blood cell?

A

hematocytoblast

23
Q

how long are red blood cells used before broken down in the liver and spleen?

A

about 120 days

24
Q

what two substances is hemeglobin broken into?

A

heme and globin

25
Q

what is bilirubin?

A

part of heme when broken down, it’s pigmented and is what turns feces brown

26
Q

what is anemia?

A

decrease in oxygen carrying capacity

27
Q

what causes anemia?

A

decreased # of blood cells, hematolitic disease (ruptured blood cell), iron deficiency

28
Q

what is pernicious anemia?

A

autoimmune disease or caused by gastric bypass; decreased absorption of vitamin b12 (lowers # of red blood cells)

29
Q

what causes sickle cell anemia?

A

genetic disorder of two amino acid chain links

30
Q

what is polycythemia?

A

too many red blood cells; caused by blood doping, high altitude training, or lung disease

31
Q

what is the process of WBC moving out of the blood stream?

A

diapedesis

32
Q

what is the process that draws white blood cells to an area for an inflammatory response?

A

chemotaxis

33
Q

List most abundant leukocyte to least abundant and what their %s are

A 
NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS
neutrophils - 50-70%
lymphocytes - 25-45%
monocytes - 3-8%
eisanophils - 2-4%
basophils - 0.5-1%
34
Q

what’s the function of neutrophils?

A

phagocize bacteria

35
Q

what’s the function of lymphocytes?

A

immune response using B & T cells

36
Q

what’s the function of monocytes?

A

phagocytosis; develop into macophages

37
Q

what’s the function of eisanophils?

A

kill parasitic worms, also respond to allergies and asthma

38
Q

what’s the function of basophils?

A

help with inflamatory response, help blood thinning too

39
Q

which leukocytes are A-granulocytes and which are granulocytes?

A

A-granulocytes - lymphocytes & monocytes

granulocytes - neutrophils, eisanophils,basophils

40
Q

how long do leukocytes live?

A

varies from hours to years

41
Q

what is the stem cell for a leukocyte?

A

hemocytoblast

42
Q

what is leukopenia what causes it?

A

decrease in WBC count; stress or anti cancer medication

43
Q

what is leukemia?

A

cancer of the WBC

44
Q

what is myeloid leukemia?

A

cancer of the bone marrow (very bad)

45
Q

what is lymphoid leukemia?

A

leukemia of the lymphocytes (starts in the lymph nodes)

46
Q

what is mononucleosis (mono)?

A

viral disease, highly contagious, causes an increase in a-typical granulocytes - causes enlarged spleen

Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 1 (2 decks)

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