Blood

Question 1

blood

Answer 1

fluid connective tissue

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

 Liquid plasma: nonliving fluid matrix; 55%
 Formed elements: living cells 45%
 Platelets: >1%

Question 3

1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC’s)

Answer 3

4-6 million

a. Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 4

2. Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC’s)

Answer 4

4800-10,800

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

neutrophil
basophil
eosinophil

Question 6

agranulocyte

Answer 6

lymphocyte

monocyte

Question 7

neutrophil

Answer 7

i. Phagocytize bacteria

Question 8

b. Lymphocyte

Answer 8

i. Mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies

Question 9

c. Monocyte

Answer 9

i. Phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues

Question 10

d. Eosinophil

Answer 10

i. Kill parasitic worms; complex role in allergy and asthma

Question 11

e. Basophil

Answer 11

i. Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin, an anticoagulant

Question 12

3. Platelets

Answer 12

a. Seal small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting

Question 13

Hematocrit

Answer 13

• Packed cell volume (PCV)
• Determined when anemia is suspected
• The percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells.
• 40-54% in males and 38-47% in females.

Question 14

Differential white blood cell count

Answer 14

• 100 WBC’s are counted and classified according to type

Question 15

Blood typing

Answer 15

• When serum containing anti-A or anti-B agglutinins (antibodies) is added to blood, agglutination will occur between the agglutinin (antibody) and the corresponding agglutinogens (antigens).

Question 16

• Leukocytosis

Answer 16

o An abnormally high WBC count, may indicate bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals

Question 17

• Leukopenia

Answer 17

o A decrease in WBC number below 4000/mm3
o May indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therapy

Question 18

• Leukemia

Answer 18

o A malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBC’s accompanied by a reduction in the number of WBC count but also a differential WBC count

Question 19

• Polycythemia

Answer 19

o An increase in the number of RBC’s

o May result from bone marrow cancer or from living in high altitudes where less oxygen is available

Question 20

• Anemia

Answer 20

o Decrease in the number of RBC’s
o A decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood that may result from a decrease in RBC number or size or a decreased hemoglobin content of the RBC’s