Blood Flashcards
What are the three components of the cardiovascular system?
Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels
Name and describe the 3 functions of the Cardiovascular System.
TRANSPORT–
Respiratory-transport of RESPIRATORY GASSES (O2 and CO2)
Nutritive-transport of CHO, amino acids, lipids.
REGULATION–(cell function)
pH
Body Temperature-cools body.
PROTECTION–
Immune function-white blood cells
Blood clotting
BLOOD VOLUME What does it measure? What is it directly related to? How does one estimate it? How might the estimations vary?
Total amount of blood contained in the body.
Directly related to body size.
Can be estimated: approx 7% of body mass (kg) = blood volume (L) 1kg=2.2lb.
If very lean, underestimated. If very muscular, overestimated.
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal volume of blood?
Men 5-8 L
Women 4-6 L
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal range of arterial pH?
7.35–7.45 men and women
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal range of blood viscosity in whole blood and plasma?
Whole blood – 3.5 - 4.5
Plasma – 1.9 - 2.6
men and women
Blood is 3.5 x’s more viscous than water.
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is hematocrit and what is its avg percent across both sexes?
Then what is plasma’s normal %?
Hematocrit 45% Red cell %
Plasma 55%
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal red blood cell count (number/mm3 blood)
- 8 million Women
5. 4 million Men
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal White cell count (range)
4,000 - 10,000 Men and Women
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal Platelet count (range)?
100,000 - 500,000 Men and Women
NORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS–in males and females.
What is the normal temperature of blood in Celsius?
38 C
Distinguish the difference between Acidic/Basic and Acidotic/Alkalotic.
Acidic/Basic – General Chemistry terms
x < 7.0 < y
Acidotic/Alkalotic – pH of blood outside of the normal range.
x < 7.35 < y
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Define Plasma and Formed Elements.
What is the Buffy coat in a vial of separated blood?
Plasma–Watery liquid containing dissolved particles.
Formed elements–cells (RBCs and WBCs) and cell fragments (platelets)
Buffy coat–leukocytes and platelets; less than 1% of whole blood volume
CONSTITUENTS OF PLASMA
What are the 5 main constituents?
Enzymes Hormones Ions Organic molecules Plasma proteins
name the 5 ions, 4 organic molecules, and 5 plasma proteins (including greek sub-cat.).
Ions-- Na+ K+ Ca++ Cl- HCO3-
Organic Molecules-- Carbohydrates Amino Acids Cholesterol Fatty Acids.
Plasma Proteins-- Albumins Globulins...alpha, beta, gamma Fibrinogen von Willebrand factor Blood clotting factors
Name the 3 formed elelments. common and official names
White blood cells (Leukocytes)
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
What is Hemopoiesis?
What are Erythropoiesis and Leukopoiesis?
Process by which mature cells are produced.
Erythro–RBC formation
Leuko–WBC formation
Name the 3 granulocytes and 2 agranulocytes.
Granulocytes–
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes–
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Name the % total of WBC and function of each Granulocyte.
Neutrophils 54 - 62% WBC. Phagocytosis
Eosinophils 1 - 3 % WBC. Kill parasites
Basophils < 1% WBC. Secrete chemical mediators in inflammation and allergic reactions.
Name the % total of WBC and function of each Agranulocyte.
Lymphocytes 25 - 33% WBC. Specific immune response; secrete antibodies and cytokines.
Monocytes. 3 - 9% WBC. Phagocytosis.
Red Blood Cells.
What gases do they transport?
Describe their shape.
RBC contains what special protein?
Transport O2, and CO2
Biconcave disc; shape allows cell to flex as it passes through capillaries.
Contains hemoglobin.
