Blood Flashcards
What are antigens and antibodies?
antigen: glycoprotein/glycolipid
antibody: specialized plasma proteins
Antigen function
distinguishes foreign cells from other antigens and attacks them
3 important antigens
antigen A, antigen B, Rh group
Antibody function
made by body to defend against antigens we don’t already have
Agglutination definition
clumping together of erythrocytes after antibodies attack
What are the 4 blood types?
O, A, B, AB
What blood types are compatible with each other?
type O: donates to all blood types; receives only O
type A: donates to A and AB; receives A and O
type B: donates to B and AB; receives B and O
type AB: donates to AB; receives all blood types
if Rh positive; can receive from positive and negative
if Rh negative; can only receive from negative
What happens when an incompatible blood type is given?
agglutination; erythrocytes will clump together due to the antibodies attacking
What is Rh factor?
genetic blood marker determined by the presence or absence of antigen D
How does Rh factor relate to blood type?
Rh positive can receive from both Rh negative and positive while Rh negative can only receive from negative
Describe anemia
not enough healthy erythrocytes to transport oxygen
Describe sickle-cell disease
genetic disorder causing misshaped hemoglobin
Describe hemoglobinuria
hemoglobin in urine making it red/brown due to many erythrocytes broken down
Describe hematuria
intact erythrocytes in urine due to kidney damage or damage of vessels in urinary tract
Describe jaundice
excess bilirubin causes yellowish skin color and eyes
Describe hemolytic disease of the newborn
condition when maternal and fetal blood types are incompatible causing destruction of the baby’s RBCs
primary cause is Rh incompatibility
