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A&P: Midterm 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

0
Q

Red Blood Cells are also known as?

A

Erythrocytes

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1
Q

What compounds are dissolved/suspended in blood? (5)

A 
O2
Electrolytes
Hormones 
Drugs
Nutrients
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2
Q

White Blood Cells are also known as?

A

Leukocytes

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3
Q

Platelets are also known as?

A

Thrombocytes

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4
Q

What is the term whole blood used for

A

Blood contained in the cardiovascular system or a sample that contains all blood parts

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5
Q

What is peripheral blood?

A

Whole blood that flows through the blood vessels (heart & lungs)

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6
Q

What makes up the fluid portion of a blood sample?

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Plasma makes up between how much %?

A

45-78%

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8
Q

What % of plasma is water?

A

93%

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9
Q

Name 3 plasma proteins

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
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10
Q

Why is blood red?

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Hemoglobin gives blood what ability?

A

Enables red blood cells to carry lathe amounts of oxygen

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12
Q

Name a break down product of hemoglobin

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Name 3 cellular components of blood

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
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14
Q

Name the 5 types of WBCs

A
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Monocytes
  5. Lymphocytes
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15
Q

Name the 2 white blood cells that don’t have granules

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

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16
Q

Basic cell structures will stain what color

A

Blue

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17
Q

Acidic cell structures will stain what color

A

Red

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18
Q

Hematopoiesis means

A

Production of all blood cells

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19
Q

In an early fetus, hematopoiesis takes place where (2)

A

Liver & slpeen

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20
Q

As the fetus develops this gradually takes over production of the blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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21
Q

This organ will swell up and store blood until its needed

A

Spleen

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22
Q

Do RBCs have a nucleus?

A

No

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23
Q

What color do RBCs stain?

A

Red due to hemoglobin

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24
Q

This species of animal has the largest RBCs

A

Dogs

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25
Q

Llamas and camels have this shape RBCs

A

Oval

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26
Q

Is hemoglobin a protein?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Hemoglobin is a protein composed of these two components

A

Heme and globin

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28
Q

Heme is produced in?

A

The mitochondria

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29
Q

Globin is produced by

A

Ribosomes

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30
Q

This hemoglobin protein is the pigment portion

A

Heme

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31
Q

This hemoglobin protein is the protein portion

A

Globin

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32
Q

What is the major function of hemoglobin?

A

Transport oxygen to tissues

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33
Q

Name 4 factors that influence hemoglobins ability to carry oxygen

A
  1. pH
  2. Temperature
  3. Oxygen
  4. Carbon dioxide levels
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34
Q

The life span of RBCs in dogs last how many days

35
Q

The life span of RBCs in cats last how many days

36
Q

The life span of RBCs in horse/sheep last how many days

37
Q

The life span of RBCs in cows last how many days

38
Q

The life span of RBCs in mice last how many days

39
Q

The life span of RBCs in humans last how many days

40
Q

RBCs are replaced by young RBCs produced from where?

A

Bone marrow

41
Q

The process of aging is called

A

Senescence

42
Q

The distraction of RBCs is done by

A

Macrophages

43
Q

What is anemia

A

Decreased O2 carrying capacity of the blood

44
Q

Anemia can be caused by 2 factors, they are?

A
  1. Low number of circulating mature RBCs

2. Not enough hemoglobin being produced

45
Q

Polycythemia means

A

Above normal RBCs

46
Q

Name the 3 types of polycythemia

A
  1. Relative polycythemia
  2. Compensitory polycythemia
  3. Polycythemia rubra vera
47
Q

Compensitory polycythemia is a result of?

48
Q

Relative polycythemia is seen when?

A

There is a loss of fluid from blood

49
Q

Polycythemia Rubra Vera is a rare bone marrow disorder characterized by?

A

Increased production of RBCs

50
Q

Production of platelets is called

A

Thrombopoiesis

51
Q

Platelets contains this which is necessary for blood to clot

A

Clotting factors and calcium

52
Q

Name the 3 rolls platelets have in the clotting process

A
  1. Maintenance of vascular integrity
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Stabilization of the hemostatic plug by contributing to fibrin formation
53
Q

White blood cells can be classified in 3 ways, they are?

A
  1. Type of defense function
  2. Shape of nucleus
  3. Granulocytes or agranulocytes
54
Q

Term used for the formation of WBCs is

A

Leukopoiesis

55
Q

WBC formation starts out where?

A

In the red bone marrow

56
Q

The functions of WBCs is to?

A

Provide a defense for the body against foreign invaders

57
Q

Acidic cells stain pink, which WBC will stain pink?

A

Eosinophils

58
Q

Basic cells stain blue, which WBC stains blue?

59
Q

This WBC appears colorless when stained

A

Neutrophils

60
Q

What is the name of the most numerous WBC found in dogs, cats, horses?

A

Neutrophils

61
Q

Where are neutrophils produced?

A

In the bone marrow

62
Q

(True/False) Neutrophils are phagoytes meaning they engulf microorganisms and other debris in tissue

63
Q

Eosinophils are produced where?

A

In the bone marrow

64
Q

Name 3 main functions of eosinophils

A
  1. Anti inflammatory
  2. Immunity
  3. Phagocytosis
65
Q

(True/False) Basophils are the least often seen WBC

66
Q

Name the two things responsible for basophil function

A
  1. Histamine

2. Heparin

67
Q

Histamine helps:

A

Initiate inflammation and acute allergic reactions

68
Q

Heparin acts as a?

A

Localized anticoagulant

69
Q

This WBC is the largest in circulation

70
Q

When monocytes enter the tissue they become known as?

A

Macrophages

71
Q

Name 3 functions of monocytes

A
  1. Clean cellular debris
  2. They process certain antigens
  3. They ingest foreign substances
72
Q

Lymphocytes are normally the predominant WBC in circulation in

A

Ruminants (sheep, cattle, goats) and pigs

73
Q

This WBC has no phagocytic capabilities

A

Lymphocytes

74
Q

Name the 3 different types of lymphocytes

A
  1. T cells
  2. B cells
  3. Natural killer cells
75
Q

Both these types of lymphocytes can become memory cells

A

T & B cells

76
Q

T & B cells don’t participate in an initial immune response however they do this

A

Wait in tissue waiting for a second exposure to the same antigen

77
Q

When the tissue is exposed to an antigen a second time, these cells respond quicker than the initial response

A

T & B cells

78
Q

Increased number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood is known as

A

Lymphocytosis

79
Q

Lymphocytosis can result from

A

Leukemia
Chronic infection
Epinephrine release

80
Q

Decreased number of lymphocytes in blood is called

A

Lymphopenia

81
Q

This system is a series of vessels or ducts that carries excess tissue fluid to blood vessels near the heart

82
Q

These capillaries gather up the excess fluid and carry it away

83
Q

A lymph node is divided into what two parts?

A

Cortex and medulla

84
Q

This is where the lymphocytes reside

A

The cortex

85
Q

Clustered groups of lymphocytes are called

A

Lymph nodules

A&P: Midterm 2 (3 decks)

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