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A&P: Midterm 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

0
Q

Red Blood Cells are also known as?

A

Erythrocytes

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1
Q

What compounds are dissolved/suspended in blood? (5)

A 
O2
Electrolytes
Hormones 
Drugs
Nutrients
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2
Q

White Blood Cells are also known as?

A

Leukocytes

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3
Q

Platelets are also known as?

A

Thrombocytes

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4
Q

What is the term whole blood used for

A

Blood contained in the cardiovascular system or a sample that contains all blood parts

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5
Q

What is peripheral blood?

A

Whole blood that flows through the blood vessels (heart & lungs)

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6
Q

What makes up the fluid portion of a blood sample?

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Plasma makes up between how much %?

A

45-78%

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8
Q

What % of plasma is water?

A

93%

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9
Q

Name 3 plasma proteins

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
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10
Q

Why is blood red?

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Hemoglobin gives blood what ability?

A

Enables red blood cells to carry lathe amounts of oxygen

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12
Q

Name a break down product of hemoglobin

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Name 3 cellular components of blood

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
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14
Q

Name the 5 types of WBCs

A
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Monocytes
  5. Lymphocytes
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15
Q

Name the 2 white blood cells that don’t have granules

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

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16
Q

Basic cell structures will stain what color

A

Blue

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17
Q

Acidic cell structures will stain what color

A

Red

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18
Q

Hematopoiesis means

A

Production of all blood cells

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19
Q

In an early fetus, hematopoiesis takes place where (2)

A

Liver & slpeen

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20
Q

As the fetus develops this gradually takes over production of the blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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21
Q

This organ will swell up and store blood until its needed

A

Spleen

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22
Q

Do RBCs have a nucleus?

A

No

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23
Q

What color do RBCs stain?

A

Red due to hemoglobin

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24
This species of animal has the largest RBCs
Dogs
25
Llamas and camels have this shape RBCs
Oval
26
Is hemoglobin a protein?
Yes
27
Hemoglobin is a protein composed of these two components
Heme and globin
28
Heme is produced in?
The mitochondria
29
Globin is produced by
Ribosomes
30
This hemoglobin protein is the pigment portion
Heme
31
This hemoglobin protein is the protein portion
Globin
32
What is the major function of hemoglobin?
Transport oxygen to tissues
33
Name 4 factors that influence hemoglobins ability to carry oxygen
1. pH 2. Temperature 3. Oxygen 4. Carbon dioxide levels
34
The life span of RBCs in dogs last how many days
110
35
The life span of RBCs in cats last how many days
68
36
The life span of RBCs in horse/sheep last how many days
150
37
The life span of RBCs in cows last how many days
160
38
The life span of RBCs in mice last how many days
20-30
39
The life span of RBCs in humans last how many days
120
40
RBCs are replaced by young RBCs produced from where?
Bone marrow
41
The process of aging is called
Senescence
42
The distraction of RBCs is done by
Macrophages
43
What is anemia
Decreased O2 carrying capacity of the blood
44
Anemia can be caused by 2 factors, they are?
1. Low number of circulating mature RBCs | 2. Not enough hemoglobin being produced
45
Polycythemia means
Above normal RBCs
46
Name the 3 types of polycythemia
1. Relative polycythemia 2. Compensitory polycythemia 3. Polycythemia rubra vera
47
Compensitory polycythemia is a result of?
Hypoxia
48
Relative polycythemia is seen when?
There is a loss of fluid from blood
49
Polycythemia Rubra Vera is a rare bone marrow disorder characterized by?
Increased production of RBCs
50
Production of platelets is called
Thrombopoiesis
51
Platelets contains this which is necessary for blood to clot
Clotting factors and calcium
52
Name the 3 rolls platelets have in the clotting process
1. Maintenance of vascular integrity 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Stabilization of the hemostatic plug by contributing to fibrin formation
53
White blood cells can be classified in 3 ways, they are?
1. Type of defense function 2. Shape of nucleus 3. Granulocytes or agranulocytes
54
Term used for the formation of WBCs is
Leukopoiesis
55
WBC formation starts out where?
In the red bone marrow
56
The functions of WBCs is to?
Provide a defense for the body against foreign invaders
57
Acidic cells stain pink, which WBC will stain pink?
Eosinophils
58
Basic cells stain blue, which WBC stains blue?
Basophil
59
This WBC appears colorless when stained
Neutrophils
60
What is the name of the most numerous WBC found in dogs, cats, horses?
Neutrophils
61
Where are neutrophils produced?
In the bone marrow
62
(True/False) Neutrophils are phagoytes meaning they engulf microorganisms and other debris in tissue
True
63
Eosinophils are produced where?
In the bone marrow
64
Name 3 main functions of eosinophils
1. Anti inflammatory 2. Immunity 3. Phagocytosis
65
(True/False) Basophils are the least often seen WBC
True
66
Name the two things responsible for basophil function
1. Histamine | 2. Heparin
67
Histamine helps:
Initiate inflammation and acute allergic reactions
68
Heparin acts as a?
Localized anticoagulant
69
This WBC is the largest in circulation
Monocytes
70
When monocytes enter the tissue they become known as?
Macrophages
71
Name 3 functions of monocytes
1. Clean cellular debris 2. They process certain antigens 3. They ingest foreign substances
72
Lymphocytes are normally the predominant WBC in circulation in
Ruminants (sheep, cattle, goats) and pigs
73
This WBC has no phagocytic capabilities
Lymphocytes
74
Name the 3 different types of lymphocytes
1. T cells 2. B cells 3. Natural killer cells
75
Both these types of lymphocytes can become memory cells
T & B cells
76
T & B cells don't participate in an initial immune response however they do this
Wait in tissue waiting for a second exposure to the same antigen
77
When the tissue is exposed to an antigen a second time, these cells respond quicker than the initial response
T & B cells
78
Increased number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood is known as
Lymphocytosis
79
Lymphocytosis can result from
Leukemia Chronic infection Epinephrine release
80
Decreased number of lymphocytes in blood is called
Lymphopenia
81
This system is a series of vessels or ducts that carries excess tissue fluid to blood vessels near the heart
Lymphatic
82
These capillaries gather up the excess fluid and carry it away
Lymph
83
A lymph node is divided into what two parts?
Cortex and medulla
84
This is where the lymphocytes reside
The cortex
85
Clustered groups of lymphocytes are called
Lymph nodules

A&P: Midterm 2 (3 decks)

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