Blocks 1 And 2 Flashcards
How to recognize a moral issue
- Peers consider it morally problematic (ethical issue)
- The use of moral language
- Decision causes serious harm
Explain the moral decision making process
Moral awareness then
Ethical judgement then
Ethical behavior
List the steps to the ethical decision making process
- Gather the facts
- Define the ethical issue
- Identify the affected parties
- Look at the actual consequences
- Identify the obligations
- Consider your character and integrity
- Think creatively about potential action
- Check your gut
List what in the organization influences behavior
- Who shapes your ethical decisions? Example would be your superiors
- The plygmalion effect
How expectations affect the quality of decisions - Rewards and punishments
- Goals
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Roles and deindividuation
Justifying an action by saying that you were only fulfilling the function the organization gave you
Four ways of diffusion of responsibility are
- Responsibility is taken away
(Everyone has a defined role) - Responsibility is shared with others in decision-making groups
( no QB or no positions) everyone responsible or no one at all - Responsibility is obscured by hierarchy (passing the blame up or down the ladder )
- Diluted psychological distance to potential victims (out of sight out of mind)
Organizational influences of ethics and the law are
- Relationship between ethics and law
- Corporate rule as “law”
- Discrimination laws
- Whistle blower laws
- Federal organization sentencing guidelines (measuring the punishment)
What are the factors in the Sentencing Guidelines?
- Organizational size, combined with the degree of participation,tolerance or disregard for the criminal conduct by high-level personnel or substantial authority in the firm.
- Prior history of similar criminal conduct
- Role in obstructing or impeding the investigation
What are the cognitive biases of how to think through through a problem
- Fact gathering ( think of ways that you could go wrong)
- Looking at the consequences (invite input especially from those who disagree with you)
- Thinking about integrity (don’t assume you have integrity)
Explain the 3 levels of cognitive moral development
Level 1 rewards and punishments
they are learned when young and ask what is in it for me?
Level 2 shared norms and societal obligations
Doing what family does or societal flow ( focuses on others and less self-centered)
Level 3 living by principles of justice and rights (doesn’t worry about others)
Locals of control
Internal- taking responsibility from actions that are caused by you
External- thinking of it as bad luck
Ego strength
Having a Healthy ego more likely to behave ethically
Desired moral approbation is
The desire for approval from oneself or others
DMA from others- praise
DMA from others - blame
DMA from self - need approval from self
Consequentialist theories are
Focus attention on the result or consequences of the decision or action
They are objectivism, ethic of care, and utilitarianism.
Decision rule for utilitarianism
Maximize the the common good
(Minimize harm to society and only cares about the the consequence and not how to get there)
Looks at all consequences
Biggest pro for utilitarianism
Replaces partially with science
Uses math and science to get to all consequences
