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Chem110 > Block Two > Flashcards

Block Two Flashcards

1
Q

If con H2So4 is added to an alcohol what forms?

A

An alkene

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2
Q

If an alkene reacts with H2/Pt what sort of alkane forms?

A

Cis

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3
Q

If an alkene reacts with Br2 what type of haloalkane is formed?

A

Trans

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4
Q

What happens when an alkene is reacted with both Br2 and H2O?

A

An alcohol with a bromine substituent is formed

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5
Q

What is formed when KOH in alcohol is added to a haloalkane?

A

An alkene

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6
Q

What is Markovnikov’s rule and when does it apply?

A

The rich get richer

Addition reactions

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7
Q

How is an ether formed from an alkene?

A

H+/ROH

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8
Q

Why is a primary alcohol not the major product of a regular addition reaction?

A

Secondary carbocations are more stable

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9
Q

What is ozonolysis?

A

The splitting of a pi bond via O3 and Zn/H3O+ to form two ketones or maybe aldehydes depending on the alkene

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10
Q

How is an alkyne prepared?

A

Using KOH or NaOH on a dihaloalkane

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11
Q

What is formed from an alkyne via Lindlar catalyst and H2?

A

Cis alkene

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12
Q

How is a trans alkene formed from an alkyne?

A

Li/NH3 and H2O

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13
Q

What type of alkyne can form an alkynide ion when reacted with a strong base?

A

Terminal alkynes

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14
Q

How is a ketone formed from an alkyne?

A

aq H2SO4/HgSO4

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15
Q

How is an alkane formed from an alkyne?

A

H2/Pt

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16
Q

What constitutes an aromatic compound?

A

(4N+2)pi electrons where N is a whole number

17
Q

Where is the charge in a resonance contributor always found?

A

Ortho or para

18
Q

What is acylation?

A

XC=O and AlX3 react with benzene to form a benzene ring with a carbonyl group attached

19
Q

How is a benzene ring with a CH3 attached formed?

A

CH3X and AlX3

20
Q

Which reagent is needed to convert a benzene ring with a CH3 to a benzene ring with a CO2H?

A

aq KMnO4

21
Q

How is NO2 added to a benzene ring?

A

HNO3/H2SO4

22
Q

How is the diazonium ion formed from benzene?

A

HNO3/H2So4
Fe/H+
HNO2 0 degrees

23
Q

What happens to primary haloalkanes when reacted with AlX3 and benzene?

A

They become secondary alkanes attached to the benzene ring

24
Q

How is a nitrile formed from a diazonium ion?

A

CuCN

25
Q

How can a benzene with CN attached become a benzene with CO2H attached?

A

H3O+

26
Q

What are the reagents involved in the steps to form an ether substituent on a benzene ring from a diazonium ion?

A

H3O+
NaH
CH3Br

27
Q

How is NO2 added to a benzene ring from a diazonium ion?

A

CuNO2

28
Q

Which atoms are deactivating (electron withdrawing groups) but are ortho-para directors?

A

Halogens

29
Q

How does a benzene ring add a halogen on?

A

X2/FeX3

30
Q

When HBr is added to an alkene and an addition reaction occurs, what is formed?

A

A racemic mixture of bromoalkanes

31
Q

Which reactions follow the SN2 mechanism?

A

Primary and secondary alkyl halides with nucleophiles

32
Q

Which reactions undergo SN1 mechanisms?

A

Tertiary alkyl halides and secondary alkyl halides if they are reacted with water or another weak nucleophile

33
Q

When do E1 reactions occur?

A

Tertiary alkyl halides except in the presence of a very strong base

34
Q

When do E2 reactions occur?

A

With either secondary or tertiary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base

35
Q

What are the two ways alcohols are formed from alkenes?

A

BH3 followed by H2O2 and OH-

H+ H2O

36
Q

How are diols formed from alkenes?

A

KMnO4 in base

37
Q

What is formed when haloalkanes react with CN-?

A

Nitrile

38
Q

How is a nitrile converted into a carboxylic acid?

A

H3O+

39
Q

What is the reagent required to convert an alkane into a bromoalkane?

A

Br2 with hv

Chem110 (5 decks)

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