Block quiz 3

Question 0

2. True or false. Small amounts of symmetrical movement of the sacrum in relation to the pelvis is possible at the sacroiliac joints???

Answer 0

Very small amounts of movement (rotation and translation) are possible
This movement may be symmetrical or asymmetrical Nutation(“nod”) is the anterior tilt of the sacrum relative to the ilium
Trunk flexion & bilateral hip flexion
Counternutationis the posterior tilt of the sacrum relative to the ilium
Trunk extension & bilateral hip extension

Note:
Sacrum also articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joint Changes from a synovial joint to a cartilaginous joint during maturity
Articulating surfaces become rough and mobility decreases Reinforced by an extensive thick set of ligaments

Question 1

What two structures help to resist anterior shear at the lumbosacral junction?

Answer 1

Lumbosacral (L5-S1) junction is supported against anterior shear by:

Facet joint orientation
Iliolumbar ligament

Question 2

3. Why is it important for the sacroiliac joints to maintain stability?

Answer 2

Stability is required to facilitate load transfer from the HAT to the ischialtuberosities when sitting and from the lower extremities to the trunk when standing and moving

Question 3

4. Describe the alignment of the head of the femur in relation to the acetabulum?

Answer 3

In normal standing the head of the femur is directed slightly anteriorly and superiorly within the acetabulum

• -It contacts the acetabulum only along its lunate surface
• -The lunate surface and a large portion of the femoral head are covered in articular cartilage

Question 4

5. What are two consequences of a coxa vara deformity at the hip joint?

Answer 4

Limb is shortened
Moment arm for hip abductors INCREASED
Bending loads on femoral neck INCREASED

Question 5

6. What compensatory actions may occur as a result of excessive anteversion at the hip joint?

Answer 5

Compensatory changes such as hip internal rotation and lateral tibial torsion
May also lead to increases hip joint contact loads
May lead to a “toe-out” position

Question 6

7. Even though both are ball and socket joints, what passive mechanisms allow the hip joint to be considerably more stable than the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

Stability
Passive: Deep acetabulum that has a curvature similar to the femoral head
Labrum
Acetabulum + labrum covers > 50% of the femoral head
Joint capsule
Ligaments
Additional: Intra-articular pressure

Question 7

What are two ways that flexion of femur in relation to the pelvis may be described?

Answer 7

When the hip has reached the end of its available range of flexion, posterior pelvic tilt contributes to apparent hip flexion as the femur is moved towards the trunk

Conversely, when the hip has reached the end of its available range of extension, anterior pelvic tilt contributes to apparent hip extension while extending the lumbar spine

Question 8

9. If you stand on your right leg and your pelvis tilts downwards on the left side can this be described as abduction or adduction at the right hip? If this occurs this might be reflect a weakness in which muscle group?

Answer 8

Adductors…

Weak ABDuctors

Question 9

10. What actions are tensor facia latae responsible for producing at the hip joint?

Answer 9

Hip internal rotation when hip is flexed
Flexion of the leg at the hip
Abduction of the leg

Question 10

11. When the hip is extended which two muscles are able to contribute to hip external rotation

Answer 10

Semi membranous

Semi tendinosis

Question 11

Palpate the right gluteus medius just superior to the greater trochanter. Now walk a few steps and comment on when you feel the muscle becomes taut. Why is the muscle active at this point in the gait cycle..

Answer 11

It works to stabilise the stance leg and activates in the second part of the gait phase

Question 12

What are two consequences of a coxa VALGA deformity at the hip joint?

Answer 12

Limb is lengthened
Moment arm for hip abductors DECREASED
Bending loads on femoral neck DECREASED

Question 13

If you we supporting your body weight on your left leg during the stance phas elf gait and your pelvis tilts downwards in the frontal plane on the right side is this apparent abduction or add at the left hip

Answer 13

Adduction

Question 14

If your pelvis rotates forwards in the transverse plane on the right side (backwards on the left side) during the swing phase of gait is this apparent internal it external rotation of the right

Answer 14

External rotation

Question 15

Q. What purpose does the femoral neck serve?

Answer 15

To allow for compressive loading through joint and….

Serves to displace the primal shaft of the femur laterally away from th joint, thereby reducing the likelihood of bony impingement against the pelvis
The location of the greater trochanter distal to the femoral neck lengthens the moment arms of the attached muscles

Question 16

Gluteus maximus

Moment arm is maximum in a ….. position (decreases with hip flexion

Answer 16

Neutral

Question 17

Adductors 1

Bilateral cooperation
When performing an in-step kick in football (soccer) the adductors contract on both the fixed and swing leg sides

Answer 17

Just read

Question 18

Adductors 2 28

In hip flexion angles >70°adductor longus has a moment arm at the hip that allows it to contribute to extension

In hip flexion angles

Answer 18

Just. Read

Question 19

Why are the extensors the strongest muscle groups?

Answer 19

They are needing to constantly overcome the body weight of the individual

Question 20

Muscles acting on the hip..
In flexion (5)

Answer 20

Pectineus
Sortorius
Tensor fascia latae
Rectus femoris
Illiopsoas

Question 21

Muscles acting on the hip to extend leg?

Answer 21

Gluteus maximumus
Semi membranous
Semi tendinosis
Adductor Magnus 
Biceps femoris

Question 22

Muscles acting on hip to Adduct leg?

Answer 22

Pectineus
Gracillis
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus 
Adductor Magnus

Question 23

Muscles acting on hip to ABDUCT leg

Answer 23

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia latae

Question 24

Muscles acting on leg to EXTERNALLY ROTATE It at hip (1)

Answer 24

Gluteus maximus

Question 25

Muscles acting on hip to internally rotate it…

1) with hip in flexion
2) with hip in extension

Answer 25

Flexion- gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, pisiformis, TFL,

In hip extension-
Semi membranous & semitendinosus