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vertebral column & trunk > Block quiz 3 > Flashcards

Block quiz 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Under compression the nucleus ………. is displaced ………. and this stretches the collagen fibres of the ……. …….. outward

A

Pulposis
Laterally
annulus fibrosis

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1
Q

What two (2) structures help to resist ANTERIOR shear at the lumbosacral junction???

A

Tab

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2
Q

Primary role of the vertebral column?

A

Protect spinal cord

++Structural integrity and mobility to trunk

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3
Q

Small changes in centre of mass will necessitate small adjustments in posture. This is called…

A

Postural sway

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4
Q

Th motion segment can be further split into anterior & posterior portion. The motion segment in general can be separated into two adjacent veretebral bodies and …..

A

Disc

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5
Q

The veretebral bodies consists primarily of….. …… Surrounded by ….. …bone

A

Cancellous bone surrounded by a thin layer of cortical bone

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6
Q

In general, veretebral bodies are built to bare….. Loads

A

Compressive

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7
Q

The role of th intevertebral disc is to…… And …..

A

Bare and distribute loads evenly over the vertebral end plate
+++restrict any movement between the adjacent vertebrae

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8
Q

In extension, the relative movement between the adjacent veretebrae of the motion segment will cause the nucleus palposis to be displaced anteriorly. As a result of this ant displacement we get ….

A

Tension loading on the anterior aspect of the disc and compressive loading on the posterior aspect of the disc

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9
Q

In flexion, with the relative movement between the adjacent veretebrae of the motion segment, we get the nucleus palposis displaced….

A

Posteriorly
+We get tension loading on the posterior aspect of the disc
+compression loading on the anterior aspect of the disc

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10
Q

Creep could occur in ……. …..

A

Intervertebral discs

When the disc was under a compressive force over an extended period of time, and will get a reduction in disc height & reduction in overall stature
When the compressive load is removed-fluid moves back into the disc and height restored

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11
Q

With lateral flexion we get…… Loading to the side on which ….. Flexion is occurring as the nucleus ….. is displaced to the opposite side

A

Lateral flexion

Palposis

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12
Q

The fluid places pressure on the

A

Annulus fibrosis

As the collegen fibres are displaced outwards-they offer a resistance to this stretch and

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13
Q

The lateral displacement of the nucleus palposis will exhort …… On the annulus fibrosis

A

Pressure

And cause these collegen fibres to be stretched outwards

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14
Q

A these collagen fibres are stretched ….. They start to offer resistance through this stretch and exhort a ….. Back upon the nucleus palposis

A

Outwards

Preassure

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15
Q

Eventually these two opposing pressures will be …..

A

Equal and equilibrium will be reached

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16
Q

When these collagen fibres are stretched ….. Will be stored within them so that when the compressive load is removed the …. Collagen fibres will recoil and this will allow for any ….. In the nucleus pAlposis will be restored

A

Energy

Deformation

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17
Q

When the compressive load is applied to the nucleus palposis …. It will also exert a pressure onto the …. &

A

Inferior &superior vertebral end plates

***this will also help to transmit loads between adjacent vertebrae

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18
Q

Time dependant visco elastic materials=

A

Creep

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19
Q

When the trunk ROTATES we get …. & …..forces

A

Tension & sheer forces being produced in the intervertebral discs

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20
Q

Collagen fibres of the annulus fibrosis that are …. It’s the direction of rotation, will become … and the fibre that are aligned perpendicular to those will be ….

A

Aligned

Taught

Slackened

***this is further complicated by GREATER loads in rotation

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21
Q

With any standing and sitting we get a noticeable…..

A

Increase in interdiscral pressure

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22
Q

If we combine trunk flexion with ….. .. ….. We get a considerable increase in interdiscral pressure

A

Carrying a load

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23
Q

Normally, the centre of mass of the head arms and trunk, is quite close to the axis of rotation. If we drew a line representative of weight force of the head arms and trunk, we’d find that the length of the moment arm in relation to this axis of rotation in the spine, would be quite small and therefore the internal moment that needs to be generated will also be relatively small.

As we flex the trunk we will get an ….. Displacement of the centre of mass for the head arms and trunk . So it is going to move forward in relation to our axis of rotation in our vertebral body

A

Anterior

Therefore

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24
Q

Moment arm is the…. Distance between the line of … And the point of rotation

A

Perpendicular

Action

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25
Q

In flexing trunk, the erector spinae muscles will have a moment arm in relation to the axis of rotation in the veretebral body & it will be quite small. when you flex the trunk, the length of the moment srm for these muscles Dcreases further. This means we need to …… The magnitude of the…..

A

Increase

Force that needs to be produced

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26
Q

By decreasing the length of the moment arm for these muscles, the muscles need to produce a greater force in order to generate an internal moment arm to try and … The ….. Moment that is being produced.

A

Counter

External

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27
Q

The increase in compression being produced will create …. In pressure experienced by the vertebral column especially when a resistance is involved**

A

Increased

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28
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament is responsible for… (3)

Limits EXTENSION OF THE SPINE

A

Reinforcing ant aspect of intervertebral disc
Limiting extension of the spine
Preventing anterior translation in relation to another

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29
Q

Position longitudinal ligament is responsible for… (2) and runs along the ….. aspect of the vertebral body within the Intervertebral FORAMEN

Limits FLEXION OF THE SPINE

A

Limiting flexion of the spine
Reinforcing central posterior aspect of the ivd

Posterior

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30
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the ….. (2)

A

Anterior aspect of the vertebral body +++ the IVD

31
Q

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus ligament limit…. Of the motion segment

Inter transverse ligament limits ….

A

Limits Forward flexion

Limits Lateral flexion

32
Q

Zygapophyseal/facet joints are formed between superior&inferior Or lateral&medial articulate processes

**Orientated at different angles in the cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae

A

Superior &inferior

33
Q

(Cervical spine facet joints)

C1&c2 or c3&c4 facets are parallel to the transverse plane

A

C1 & c2 :)

34
Q

(Cervical spine facet joints)
At c3-7 or c 3-8 facets progressively increase or decrease their orientation to the transverse plane and are parallel to the frontal plane

A

C3-7 facets progressively increase

Increase

35
Q

Cervical spine are responsible for …. Flexion-extension, lateral flexion or lateral extension, + some rotation

A

Lateral flexion

Nodding movement

36
Q

(Thoracic spine facet joints)
In the thoracic spine the facets continue to increase or decrease their orientation to the transverse plane and also increase or decrease their orientation to the frontal plane

A

Increase increase :)

37
Q

Thoracic spine facet joints is responsible for rotation, some flexion-extension OR MEDIAL ROTATION, + lateral flexion

A

Rotation, some flexion-ext + some lateral flexion

38
Q

In the lumbar spine (L1-5) the facets are orientated at 90deg or 120deg to the transverse plane and increase or decrease their orientation in the frontal plane until they are orientated close to the Sagital plane

A

90deg

INCREASE

39
Q

Lumbar region is responsible for flexion-ext or medial rotation?, some lateral flexion ALMOST NO ROTATION

A

Flexion ext, some lateral flexion, almost no rotation

40
Q

(Atlano-occipital joint)
Formed between the condyles or FORAMEN??? Of the occipital bones of the skull and the superior articular processes of the atlas (c1)

A

Condyles

41
Q

(At ATLANO OCCIPITAL JOINT)

Produce ROLL AND GLIDE, or slip and slide?? To allow for large amounts of flexion-extension (nodding or wiggling??)

A

Roll and glide

Nodding…

42
Q

(Atlanto -axial joint) 2nd

Consists of a median rotating joint between the dens and atlas (pivot joint) and 2 facet joints

A

Median joint , facet joint

43
Q

(In atlano occipital and antlanto axial)

Ipsilateral (or contra lateral) coupling between axial rotation aNd lateral flexion???

A

Ipsilateral

44
Q

When laterally flexing to the right the right articular facet joint moves posteriorly and inferiorly and the left is moving anteriorly an superiorlyyy

A

Don’t confuse this!!!!!

45
Q

If I want to laterally flex to the right how do the left and right articular process in the spine move?

A

N

46
Q

What sort of movements are we thinking about in the lower cervical region?

A

Flexion extension, lateral flexion + some rotation

47
Q

What is the predominant movement of the thoracic?

45:03

A

Rotation

48
Q

Movements involved in lumbar?

A

Flexion extension

Almost no axial rotation

51
Q

The thoracic spine is the most STABLE region with movement limited by:

  • f….. ……..
  • connection to …..
  • small disc to …….. Height ration
  • long overlapping s…… ……..
A

Facet orientation
Connection to the ribs
Small disc to vertebral height ratio
Long overlapping spinous processes

52
Q

Why is there more flexion-extension in lower thoracic spine?

2 reasons

A

Floating ribs

Change in orientation to facet joints

53
Q

Where on the thoracic vertebrae does the rib articulate?

2 places

A

Facet for the articular part of tubercle of rib

Superior facet of rib + head of the ri

54
Q

With an intact thoracic cage the thoracic spine can sustain …. The …. Load that it could support without the thoracic cage

A

4x

Compressive

55
Q

With …. of the thoracic spine, the ribs move …… …… And this further limits flexion range of motion

A

Flexion

Move close together limits ROM

56
Q

With extension of the ….. …… The ribs move ….. ……. And the chest expands

A

Thoracic spine

Ribs move further apart

57
Q

With ……. …….. The ribs move closer together on the ipsilateral side and …… ….. On the contralateral side

A

In Lateral flexion ribs move together on ipsilateral side

Further apart on the contralateral side

58
Q

(Breathing)

Increase in intrathoracic volume for inspiration is primarily produced by the ……. Using muscles s…… And ex…… ……..

The same muscles work ……. To control the recoil of the rib cage during expiration

Amy- additional muscles are recruited during forced inspiration and expiration

A

Inspiration is produced by Diaphragm with assistance from the scalenes and ext intercostals

These same muscles work eccentrically to control the recoil

59
Q

When coughing or sneezing, the muscles of the abdominal wall d….. The ribs, decreasing the volume of the ….. …… And forcing ….. Out

A

Depress the ribs, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out

60
Q

The lumbar lordosis is maintained by slightly ….. Shaped ivds that are slightly larger ……. than posteriorly

LORDOSIS LORDOSIS LORDOSIS LORDOSIS

A

Wedge shaped ivds

Larger anteriorly than posteriorly

61
Q

In upright postures the lumbar vertebral bodies assume 80-90% of …… Load bearing

A

Compressive load bearing

62
Q

What is lumbo pelvic rhythm?

A

Good hip snd lumbar flexion afforded by flexible hamstrings which allow the pelvis to tilt forward and hip flexors which allow the lumbar spine to produce a flexion of the vertebral column

63
Q

Erector spine generally have relatively large ….. ….. So that they are well suited for gross movements

A

Moment arms

64
Q

Erector spinae muscles initiate ….. And lateral …. 48 slide

A

Rfmrv

65
Q

QN: If you want to look to your right to ensure that you can cross the road safely, which muscles from the above table could potentially contribute to right axial rotation of the head and cervical spine. Be sure to specify whether it is the left or right portion of the muscle that may be active

A

…

66
Q

QN: If you want to rotate your trunk to the right, which muscles from the above table could potentially contribute to right axial rotation of the trunk. Be sure to specify whether it is the left or right portion of the muscle that may be active

A

….

67
Q

QN: Which muscles are primarily involved in initiating trunk flexion? Be sure to note whether the muscles are acting unilaterally or bilaterally

A

….

68
Q

QN: Once trunk flexion has been initiated which muscles are primarily involved in controlling this movement? Be sure to note whether the muscles are acting unilaterally or bilaterally

A

….

69
Q

QN: Which muscles are primarily involved in initiating trunk lateral flexion to the left? Be sure to note whether the muscles are acting unilaterally or bilaterally

A

….

70
Q

QN: Once trunk lateral flexion to the left has been initiated which muscles are primarily involved in controlling this movement? Be sure to note whether the muscles are acting unilaterally or bilaterally

A

…

71
Q

QN: How does the this figure indicate why activity in muscles such as levator scapulae and upper trapezius might increase with accentuated flexion of the head and cervical spine when working at a desk or computer…

A

…

72
Q

Squat lifting (flexion at the hips and knees whilst maintaining the back straight) is generally considered to be safer than stooped lifting (knees extended and trunk flexed) but there remains considerable debate in the literature Nevertheless, muscle force is by far the most influential variable for determining the magnitude of the compressive force on the lumbar spine. Which lifting technique has the potential to increase the compressive force on the lumbar spine? Explain your answer

A

…

73
Q

QN: Why might a stoop lifting technique potentially damage intervertebral discs in the lower lumbar levels postero-laterally

A

….

74
Q

Interestingly even if workers initially adopt a squat lifting technique they often resort back to a stooped technique over time. This is because a squat lifting technique has a greater perceived exertion and requires higher energy consumption
QN: What are two other factors why a squat lift may not always be possible?

A

….

75
Q

QN: Which position might produce lowest pressure?
QN: Which position might produce the highest disc pressure?

A

….

78
Q

ATLANO axial has three articulate surfaces
The MEDIAN articulation is between the +d… Of the axis and the atlas which Forms a p…. joint

+ the transverse ligament prevents ….. Translation of the atlas on the axis -PROVIDES STABILITY

A

Dens

Pivot

Anterior

79
Q

We have articulate cartilage between the contact areas of C
1 & C2 therefore because of the facet joint orientation, we can achieve maximum …. Rotation between these two surfaces with little ….. Flexion which would expose the apophoseal joints

A

Axial rotation

Lateral

vertebral column & trunk (1 decks)

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