Block I: Hyperlipidemia

Question 1

what does HDL mean

Answer 1

high density lipoprotein

Question 2

what is the role of HDL

Answer 2

carries cholesterol to liver for excretion from body

“good cholesterol”

may prevent build up of plaque in arteries

Question 3

HDL has an [] relationship with CAD risk

Answer 3

inverse, the higher the HDL the less likely to get CAD

Question 4

what is the HDL goal in women

Answer 4

> 55

Question 5

what is the HDL goal in men

Answer 5

> 45

Question 6

what are ways to increase HDL

Answer 6

1. genetics
2. aerobic exercise
3. diet: low in fat, high in fiber
4. quit smoking
5. medications

Question 7

what medications can affect HDL

Answer 7

statins, can increase

Question 8

what is LDL

Answer 8

low density lipoprotein

Question 9

what is the role of LDL

Answer 9

“bad cholesterol”

leads to build up of plaque in arteries
mainly carries cholesterol

Question 10

what is the goal of LDL

Answer 10

< 130 if no-cormidities

<70/100 if DM or heart disease

Question 11

how to lower LDL

Answer 11

1. diet
2. healthy lifestyle
3. decrease waist circumference
4. statins

Question 12

what drug affects LDL

Answer 12

statins decrease LDL, increase HDL

Question 13

what is VLDL

Answer 13

very low density lipoprotein

Question 14

what is the role of VLDL

Answer 14

also can contribute to build up of arteries, BAD

prescurser to LDL

mainly carries triglycerides

Question 15

HDL mainly carries what

Answer 15

cholesterol

Question 16

LDL mainly carries waht

Answer 16

cholesterol

Question 17

VLDL mainly carries what

Answer 17

triglycerides

Question 18

what is a precursor to LDL

Answer 18

VLDL

Question 19

TC- [HDL + (TG/5)] = ?

Answer 19

LDL

Question 20

TG/5= ?

Answer 20

est. VLDL

Question 21

LDL + HDL + VLDL = ?

Answer 21

TC (total cholesterol)

Question 22

what are some benefits of lowering cholesterol

Answer 22

reduction in

1. MI
2. CAD
3. angina
4. CABG
5. strokes
6. decrease morbitidy

Question 23

what are 3 clinical presentations of hyperlipidemia

Answer 23

1. xanthomas
2. lipidemia retinalis in fundoscopic exam
3. blood work

Question 24

in a hyperlidemia patient, what would you expect to see on fundoscopic exam

Answer 24

lipidemia retinalis

Question 25

what might you expect to see on a patients skin if they have hyperlipemia

Answer 25

xanthomas

Question 26

describe xanthomas

Answer 26

white pockets of cholesterol on skin, commonly around eyelids

Question 27

what are some risk factors of hyperlipidemia

Answer 27

1. family hx
2. primary hypercholesterolemia
   3, metabolic syndrome
3. CKD
4. chronic inflammatory conditions (RA, psoriasis, aids, hiv)
5. hx preeclampsia, premature menopause
6. peristently high tryglycerides
7. elevated C reactive proteins
8. ankle brachial index < 0.9

Question 28

what is CAC, what does it determine?

Answer 28

coronary artery calcium score

determines risk for ASCVD in 10 years

Question 29

how would you treat a patient with a CAC of < 5

Answer 29

no statin

Question 30

how would you treat a patient with a CAC of 5-7.5

Answer 30

no statin

Question 31

how would you treat a patient with a CAC of > 7.5-20%

Answer 31

recommend statin

Question 32

how would you treat a patient with a CAC of > 20%

Answer 32

recommend statin

Question 33

a patient with hyperlipidemia should reduce their total fat by [] %

Answer 33

25-30%

Question 34

a patient with hyperlipidemia should reduce their saturated fat by []%

Answer 34

< 7% calores

Question 35

what type of fat should be eliminated from a hyperlipidemia patient’s diet

Answer 35

trans fats