Block I: Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
what does HDL mean
high density lipoprotein
what is the role of HDL
carries cholesterol to liver for excretion from body
“good cholesterol”
may prevent build up of plaque in arteries
HDL has an [] relationship with CAD risk
inverse, the higher the HDL the less likely to get CAD
what is the HDL goal in women
> 55
what is the HDL goal in men
> 45
what are ways to increase HDL
- genetics
- aerobic exercise
- diet: low in fat, high in fiber
- quit smoking
- medications
what medications can affect HDL
statins, can increase
what is LDL
low density lipoprotein
what is the role of LDL
“bad cholesterol”
leads to build up of plaque in arteries
mainly carries cholesterol
what is the goal of LDL
< 130 if no-cormidities
<70/100 if DM or heart disease
how to lower LDL
- diet
- healthy lifestyle
- decrease waist circumference
- statins
what drug affects LDL
statins decrease LDL, increase HDL
what is VLDL
very low density lipoprotein
what is the role of VLDL
also can contribute to build up of arteries, BAD
prescurser to LDL
mainly carries triglycerides
HDL mainly carries what
cholesterol
LDL mainly carries waht
cholesterol
VLDL mainly carries what
triglycerides
what is a precursor to LDL
VLDL
TC- [HDL + (TG/5)] = ?
LDL
TG/5= ?
est. VLDL
LDL + HDL + VLDL = ?
TC (total cholesterol)
what are some benefits of lowering cholesterol
reduction in
- MI
- CAD
- angina
- CABG
- strokes
- decrease morbitidy
what are 3 clinical presentations of hyperlipidemia
- xanthomas
- lipidemia retinalis in fundoscopic exam
- blood work
in a hyperlidemia patient, what would you expect to see on fundoscopic exam
lipidemia retinalis
what might you expect to see on a patients skin if they have hyperlipemia
xanthomas
describe xanthomas
white pockets of cholesterol on skin, commonly around eyelids
what are some risk factors of hyperlipidemia
- family hx
- primary hypercholesterolemia
3, metabolic syndrome - CKD
- chronic inflammatory conditions (RA, psoriasis, aids, hiv)
- hx preeclampsia, premature menopause
- peristently high tryglycerides
- elevated C reactive proteins
- ankle brachial index < 0.9
what is CAC, what does it determine?
coronary artery calcium score
determines risk for ASCVD in 10 years
how would you treat a patient with a CAC of < 5
no statin
how would you treat a patient with a CAC of 5-7.5
no statin
how would you treat a patient with a CAC of > 7.5-20%
recommend statin
how would you treat a patient with a CAC of > 20%
recommend statin
a patient with hyperlipidemia should reduce their total fat by [] %
25-30%
a patient with hyperlipidemia should reduce their saturated fat by []%
< 7% calores
what type of fat should be eliminated from a hyperlipidemia patient’s diet
trans fats
