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Pathophysiology III > Block I: CV I > Flashcards

Block I: CV I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe 3 characteristics/functions of the R heart

A
  1. pulmonary circulation
  2. delivers blood for oxygenation
  3. low pressure system
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2
Q

the right sided heart functions under a [high/low] pressure system

A

low, for oxygen to be pushed into blood

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3
Q

describe 3 characteristics/functions of the L heart

A
  1. pumps oxygenated blood to systemic circulation
  2. delivers metabolic waste to kidneys, lungs, liver
  3. high pressure system
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4
Q

the L sided heart is a [high/low] pressure system

A

high, to push oxygen out into tissue

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5
Q

[] carry (mostly) oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

A

arteries

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6
Q

[] are a high pressure system with thick walls, and no valves

A

arteries

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7
Q

[] carry blood from from the body to the heart, mostly deoxygenated blood

A

veins

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8
Q

[] are low pressure with thin walls and valves

A

veins

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9
Q

describe pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

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10
Q

describe pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygenated blood to heart

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11
Q

[] connect arteries to veins and are only 1 cell thick to allow for diffusion

A

capillaries

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12
Q

describe the location of the heart

A

within mediastinum, above the diaphragm and between the lungs

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13
Q

[] encloses and supports the heart and is divided into 4 chambers

A

the heart wall

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14
Q

what are the 4 layers of the heart wall

A
  1. pericardium
  2. epicardium
  3. myocardium
  4. endocardium
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15
Q

[] is part of the heart wall and encloses layers around the heart

A

pericardium

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16
Q

what are some functions of the pericardial sac

A
  1. prevent displacement of heart during gravitational acceleration or deceleration
  2. physical barrier to protect heart against infection from lungs and pleural space
  3. pain receptors and mechanoreceptors to elicit reflex changes in BP and HR
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17
Q

[] is part of the heart wall and protects the heart from displacement, infection, and contains pain * mechanoreceptors to elicit reflex changes in BP and HR

A

pericardial sac

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18
Q

define parietal

A

surface, outer layer of pericardial sac

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19
Q

define visceral

A

layer of pericardial sac that touches the heart

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20
Q

describe the pericardial cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal pericardial sac, 20 ml pericardial fluid to minimize friction

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21
Q

what cells secrete pericardial fluid?

A

mesothelium

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22
Q

ammount and character of [] can be altered by inflammation

A

pericardial fluid

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23
Q

[] is a chamber of the heart wall and is the outer, smooth layer

A

epicardium

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24
Q

[] is on the outer layer of the heart and provides a smooth surface to allow the heart to contract and relax within the pericarium with minimal friction

A

epicardium

25
Q

[] is the thickest layer of cardiac muscle and is anchored to hearts fibrous skeleton

A

myocardium

26
Q

the thickness of the heart muscle is related to the []

A

amount of resistance the muscle must overcome to pump blood from different chambers

27
Q

the [] is the innermost lining of the heart and is composed of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cels

A

endocardium

28
Q

the [] is continuous with the endothelium that lines all arteries, veins, and capillaries of the body

A

endocardium

29
Q

the [] within the heart supports atrial and ventricular musculature and valves

A

fibrous skeleton

30
Q

[] ensure oneway direction of blood flow throughout heart chambers

A

valves

31
Q

name the two AV valves

A

Atrioventricular

  1. Tricuspid
  2. bicuspid
32
Q

where is the tricuspid valve lovated

A

R atria -> ventricle

33
Q

where is the bicuspid valve located

A

L atria -> ventricle

34
Q

where are the cordae tendinae located

A

in ventricles, to AV valves

35
Q

name the semi-lunar valves

A
  1. pulmonary valve (to lung)

2. aortic valve (to systemic circ)

36
Q

when the atria contract, what valves are open or closed?

A

atrial systole

AV (Tri, Bicuspid valves) open
semilunar (pulmonary, aortic) closed

37
Q

when ventricles contract, what valves are open/closed

A

ventricular systole

AV valves (tricuspid, bicuspid) close, semilunar (pulmonary, aortic) open

38
Q

what are the great vessels? what is their role?

A
  1. Sup/Inf. vena cava
  2. R and L pulmonary arteries
  3. Pulmonary veins
  4. aorta
39
Q

role sup/inf. vena cava

A

carry deoxygenated blood to R atria

40
Q

role Aorta

A

carry oxygenated blood form L ventricle-> systemici circ

41
Q

Role Pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygenated blood from lungs -> heart

42
Q

Role pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood from R ventricle -> lungs

43
Q

[] are arteries and veins that serve the metabolic needs of heart cells by delivering oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium

A

vessels of coronary circulation

44
Q

[] are openings in aorta that are connected to coronary arteries

A

coronary ostia

45
Q

describe coronary ostia

A

openings in aorta that are connected to coronary arteries

46
Q

what are the branches of the R coronary artery?

A
  1. conus artery
  2. R marginal branch
  3. posterior descending branch (interventricular)
47
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

A
  1. L anterior descending

2. circumflex

48
Q

the conus artery belongs to what branch of the coronary arteries

A

R

49
Q

the circumflex artery belongs to what coronary branch

A

L

50
Q

the posterior descending artery belongs to what coronary branch

A

R

51
Q

what is the role of collateral coronary arteries

A

to connect the R and L branches of arteries to protect from ischemia

formed by astrogenesis and angiogenesis

52
Q

what is the role of coronary capillaries

A

to exchange oxygen and other nutrients

53
Q

what are the branches of coronary veins?

A
  1. coronary sinus
  2. great cardiac vein
  3. posterior vein of L ventricle
54
Q

what are two ways in which cardiac muscles cells may be stimulated

A
  1. nerves

2. specialized muscle cells (autonomic pacemaker cells)

55
Q

[] pump first

A

ventricles pump first to empty before atria contract to fill ventricles with blood

56
Q

what is the role of septae within the heart

A

interventricular septum, separates ventricles

interatrial spetum separates atria

57
Q

describe the cardiac cycle

A

consists of one heart beat: includes 1 contraction (systole) and 1 relaxation ( diastole)

58
Q

what are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. ventricular diastole
  2. isovolumetric ventriculat systole
  3. ventricular ejection (semulunar valves ope [aortic and pulm])
  4. isovolumetric ventricular diastole
  5. passive ventricular filling
  6. mitrial and tricuspid vales open
59
Q

describe the pressure difference between the L and R sided heart

A

L averages about 10x more pressure than R

Pathophysiology III (5 decks)

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