Block I: CV I Flashcards
Describe 3 characteristics/functions of the R heart
- pulmonary circulation
- delivers blood for oxygenation
- low pressure system
the right sided heart functions under a [high/low] pressure system
low, for oxygen to be pushed into blood
describe 3 characteristics/functions of the L heart
- pumps oxygenated blood to systemic circulation
- delivers metabolic waste to kidneys, lungs, liver
- high pressure system
the L sided heart is a [high/low] pressure system
high, to push oxygen out into tissue
[] carry (mostly) oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
arteries
[] are a high pressure system with thick walls, and no valves
arteries
[] carry blood from from the body to the heart, mostly deoxygenated blood
veins
[] are low pressure with thin walls and valves
veins
describe pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
describe pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood to heart
[] connect arteries to veins and are only 1 cell thick to allow for diffusion
capillaries
describe the location of the heart
within mediastinum, above the diaphragm and between the lungs
[] encloses and supports the heart and is divided into 4 chambers
the heart wall
what are the 4 layers of the heart wall
- pericardium
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
[] is part of the heart wall and encloses layers around the heart
pericardium
what are some functions of the pericardial sac
- prevent displacement of heart during gravitational acceleration or deceleration
- physical barrier to protect heart against infection from lungs and pleural space
- pain receptors and mechanoreceptors to elicit reflex changes in BP and HR
[] is part of the heart wall and protects the heart from displacement, infection, and contains pain * mechanoreceptors to elicit reflex changes in BP and HR
pericardial sac
define parietal
surface, outer layer of pericardial sac
define visceral
layer of pericardial sac that touches the heart
describe the pericardial cavity
space between visceral and parietal pericardial sac, 20 ml pericardial fluid to minimize friction
what cells secrete pericardial fluid?
mesothelium
ammount and character of [] can be altered by inflammation
pericardial fluid
[] is a chamber of the heart wall and is the outer, smooth layer
epicardium
[] is on the outer layer of the heart and provides a smooth surface to allow the heart to contract and relax within the pericarium with minimal friction
epicardium
[] is the thickest layer of cardiac muscle and is anchored to hearts fibrous skeleton
myocardium
the thickness of the heart muscle is related to the []
amount of resistance the muscle must overcome to pump blood from different chambers
the [] is the innermost lining of the heart and is composed of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cels
endocardium
the [] is continuous with the endothelium that lines all arteries, veins, and capillaries of the body
endocardium
the [] within the heart supports atrial and ventricular musculature and valves
fibrous skeleton
[] ensure oneway direction of blood flow throughout heart chambers
valves
name the two AV valves
Atrioventricular
- Tricuspid
- bicuspid
where is the tricuspid valve lovated
R atria -> ventricle
where is the bicuspid valve located
L atria -> ventricle
where are the cordae tendinae located
in ventricles, to AV valves
name the semi-lunar valves
- pulmonary valve (to lung)
2. aortic valve (to systemic circ)
when the atria contract, what valves are open or closed?
atrial systole
AV (Tri, Bicuspid valves) open
semilunar (pulmonary, aortic) closed
when ventricles contract, what valves are open/closed
ventricular systole
AV valves (tricuspid, bicuspid) close, semilunar (pulmonary, aortic) open
what are the great vessels? what is their role?
- Sup/Inf. vena cava
- R and L pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins
- aorta
role sup/inf. vena cava
carry deoxygenated blood to R atria
role Aorta
carry oxygenated blood form L ventricle-> systemici circ
Role Pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from lungs -> heart
Role pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood from R ventricle -> lungs
[] are arteries and veins that serve the metabolic needs of heart cells by delivering oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium
vessels of coronary circulation
[] are openings in aorta that are connected to coronary arteries
coronary ostia
describe coronary ostia
openings in aorta that are connected to coronary arteries
what are the branches of the R coronary artery?
- conus artery
- R marginal branch
- posterior descending branch (interventricular)
what are the branches of the left coronary artery
- L anterior descending
2. circumflex
the conus artery belongs to what branch of the coronary arteries
R
the circumflex artery belongs to what coronary branch
L
the posterior descending artery belongs to what coronary branch
R
what is the role of collateral coronary arteries
to connect the R and L branches of arteries to protect from ischemia
formed by astrogenesis and angiogenesis
what is the role of coronary capillaries
to exchange oxygen and other nutrients
what are the branches of coronary veins?
- coronary sinus
- great cardiac vein
- posterior vein of L ventricle
what are two ways in which cardiac muscles cells may be stimulated
- nerves
2. specialized muscle cells (autonomic pacemaker cells)
[] pump first
ventricles pump first to empty before atria contract to fill ventricles with blood
what is the role of septae within the heart
interventricular septum, separates ventricles
interatrial spetum separates atria
describe the cardiac cycle
consists of one heart beat: includes 1 contraction (systole) and 1 relaxation ( diastole)
what are the phases of the cardiac cycle?
- ventricular diastole
- isovolumetric ventriculat systole
- ventricular ejection (semulunar valves ope [aortic and pulm])
- isovolumetric ventricular diastole
- passive ventricular filling
- mitrial and tricuspid vales open
describe the pressure difference between the L and R sided heart
L averages about 10x more pressure than R
