Block A2 - RAAS Flashcards
What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) regulate?
Blood pressure and fluid balance/blood volume
What is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by the RAAS?
Angiotensin II
What is the effect of high activity of RAAS?
High blood pressure
What does renin secretion lead to in the RAAS?
Production of Angiotensin II
Fill in the blank: The only substrate for renin is _______.
Angiotensinogen
What are the receptors activated by Angiotensin II?
- AT1 receptors
- AT2 receptors
What are the actions of Angiotensin II?
- Vasoconstriction
- Stimulation of aldosterone secretion
- Na+ and H2O retention
What is the consequence of Angiotensin II stimulation on blood pressure?
Increased blood volume and blood pressure
What is the role of ACE inhibitors?
Inhibit formation of Angiotensin II
List some examples of ACE inhibitors.
- Captopril
- Lisinopril
- Enalapril
- Ramipril
- Fosinopril
- Perindopril
What are the main clinical uses of ACE inhibitors?
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
True or False: ACE inhibitors can cause a cough.
True
What do Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) selectively block?
AT1 receptors
Fill in the blank: The only renin inhibitor currently on the market is _______.
Aliskiren
What is a common adverse effect of aldosterone receptor antagonists?
Hyperkalaemia
What is the primary function of the kidneys in relation to blood pressure?
Regulation of water and inorganic ion balance
Name the four classes of diuretics.
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazides
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Osmotic diuretics
What do loop diuretics inhibit?
Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter
What is the mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics?
Inhibit the Na+/2Cl− transporter in the distal tubule
What is the effect of aldosterone on renal tubules?
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion
Fill in the blank: The main effect of ACE inhibitors is to _______ Angiotensin II levels.
Decrease
What is the consequence of increased plasma volume due to aldosterone?
Negative feedback on RAAS
What is the significance of bradykinin in relation to ACE inhibitors?
Increased accumulation due to decreased Ang II formation
What is the role of neprilysin (NEP) in the body?
Degradation of natriuretic peptides
What drug combination is known as Entresto?
Sacubitril + Valsartan
