Block 9

Question 1

Paracetamol

Answer 1

Analgesic and antipyretic

Possible Mechanisms:

• May indirectly inhibit COX
• inhibit COX3
• antipyretic as acts on hypothalamus causing peripheral vasodilation and sweating

Question 2

Amoxicillin

Answer 2

Beta-lactam antibiotic

Effective against gram +ve bacteria, and limited gram -ve
Binds to PBP1A preventing cross linking so inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 3

Methicillin

Answer 3

A transpeptidase inhibitor

Narrow spectrum beta-lactam
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidase so preventing peptide cross linking

Question 4

Cefuroxime

Answer 4

Transpeptidase inhibitor

Highly effective for gram -ve cocci and bacilli
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Can cross blood brain barrier

Question 5

Benzylpenicillin

Answer 5

Transpeptidase inhibitor

B-lactam
Targets gram +ve
Stable against beta-lactamases

Question 6

Oxytetracycline

Answer 6

30s inhibitor

Broad spectrum antibiotic
Inhibits bacterial cell growth by binding 30s ribosomal unit therefore inhibiting translation
Used for acne

Question 7

Erythromycin

Answer 7

50s inhibitor

A macrolide antibiotic
Reversibly binds 50s ribosomal subunit therefore inhibiting translation
Good for respiratory infections, syphillis, skin infections, chronic prostatitis

Question 8

Gentamicin

Answer 8

30s/50s inhibitor

Broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic
Good for gram -ve

Question 9

Rifampicin

Answer 9

RNA/DNA polymerase inhibitor

Broad spectrum antibiotic
Inhibits DNA dependant RNA polymerase therefore inhibits RNA synthesis

Question 10

Trimethoprim

Answer 10

Folate agonist

Good for UTIs
Binds dihydrofolate reductase therefore inhibiting THF production - inhibiting DNA synthesis

Question 11

Sulphamethoxazole

Answer 11

Sulfonamide drug (PABA analogue)

Treats bronchitis, prostatitis, UTIs
Competes with PABA, inhibiting dihydrofolate synthetase, inhibiting DNA synthesis

Question 12

Vancomycin

Answer 12

Peptidoglycan inhibitor

Incorporates NAM and NAG peptide subunits into peptidoglycan matrix - causing malformation of cell wall. Also altera membrane permeability and RNA synthesis

Question 13

Colistin

Answer 13

A polymyxin antibiotic agent (phospholipid detergent)

Good for gram -ve
Disrupts bacterial cell membrane

Question 14

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 14

Topoisomerase II inhibitor

Broad spectrum antibiotic
Is a quinolone
Messes with DNA everything

Question 15

Fusidic acid

Answer 15

Translocation inhibitor

Bacteriostatic antibiotic
Inhibits protein synthesis