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Block 8 > Block 8 Pharm > Flashcards

Block 8 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

imipramine

A

TCA, used for enuresis. antimuscarinic adverse effect

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2
Q

amitriptyline

A

TCA, used for chronic pain. antimuscarinic adverse effect

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3
Q

mirtazapine

A

2nd gen antidepressant, block 5-HT2 and alpha2. sedative, associated with weight gain.

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4
Q

bupropion

A

2nd gen antidepressant. inhibit reuptake of NE/DA. For smoking cessation.

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5
Q

trazodone

A

2nd gen antidepressant. sedative. block 5-HT reuptake and 5-HT2 receptors.

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6
Q

fluoxetine

A

SSRI. potent inhibitor of p450 2D6. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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7
Q

paroxetine

A

SSRI. potent inhibitor of p450 2D6. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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8
Q

fluvoxamine

A

SSRI. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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9
Q

sertraline

A

SSRI. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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10
Q

citalopram

A

SSRI. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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11
Q

escitalopram

A

SSRI. adverse effects: SIADH, sexual dysfunction, GI, headache, insomnia.

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12
Q

duloxetine

A

SNRI

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13
Q

venlafaxine

A

SNRI

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14
Q

desvenlafaxine

A

SNRI

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15
Q

isocarboxazid

A

MAOI, A and B

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16
Q

phenelzine

A

MAOI, A and B

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17
Q

tranylcypromine

A

MAOI, A and B

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18
Q

selegiline

A

MAOI, irreversible B. primarily for Parkinsons

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19
Q

Li

A

mood stabilizer, adverse effects: olyuria/polydypsia, arrhythmias, weight gain, fluid retention, tremor, GI

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20
Q

cabamazepine

A

mood stabilizer

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21
Q

valproic acid

A

mood stabilizer

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22
Q

lamotrigine

A

mood stabilizer

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23
Q

disulfiram

A

(antabuse), inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase, feel ill when drink. for alcohol abuse

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24
Q

naltrexone

A

(revia), opiate antagonist, dec positive reinfocement. curb enthusiasm. for alcohol and opiod abuse. also can have IM injection form (vivitrol)

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25
Q

acamprosate

A

restore NMDA receptor tone. get rid of negative reinfocement (drinking to get rid of icky feeling). for alcohol abuse.

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26
Q

methadone

A

full opioid agnoist, bad if mix with alcohol

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27
Q

buprenorphine

A

partial opioid agonist. no overdose potential, can be outpatient, don’t need to go to clinic to get it everyday, less stigma. Can be given with naloxone to prevent IV abuse

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28
Q

varenicline

A

partial nicotinic agonist. less withdrawal/craving. very effective, MIGHT have inc in suicide.

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29
Q

thioopental

A

ultra short acting barbiturate, for anesthesia

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30
Q

thiamylal

A

ultra short acting barbiturate, for anesthesia

31
Q

secobarbital

A

short-intermediate acting barbiturate.

32
Q

pentobarbital

A

short-intermediate acting barbiturate.

33
Q

phenobarital

A

long acting barbiturate, used as anticonvuslant

34
Q

diazepam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), active metabolites so long half life. for anxiety.

35
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), active metabolites so long half life. for anxiety.

36
Q

clonazepam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), active metabolites so long half life. for anxiety.

37
Q

alprazolam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), intermediate half life. for anxiety.

38
Q

triazolam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), for anesthesia. short half life. for anxiety.

39
Q

oxazepam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), no active metabolites. for anxiety.

40
Q

lorazepam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), no active metabolites. for anxiety.

41
Q

flumazenil

A

competitive antagonist at benzo binding site, treat benzo overdose

42
Q

buspirone

A

for long term anxiety. partial agonist at 5HT1a receptor. response occurs few weeks after start meds, no sedation, no abuse potential, little impairment of cognition, no tolerance. side effects: headache

43
Q

triazolam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), for insomnia. can get rebound anxiety and anterograde amnesia. no longer used

44
Q

temazepam

A

benzos (positive GABA-A allosteric modulator), for insomnia. slowly absorb, sleep onset can be delayed. no longer used

45
Q

zolpidem

A

(ambien) for insomnia, interact with GABA-A, short half life, no active metabolites

46
Q

zaleplon

A

(sonata) for insomina. binds to alpha1 subtype GABA-A receptor, short duration of action, helpful for those that have trouble falling asleep or awaken in middle of the night

47
Q

eszopiclone

A

(lunesta). for insomnia. binds to alpha1 subtype GABA-A receptor. intermediate duration of action

48
Q

ramelteon

A

(rozerem) for insomnia. melatonin receptor agonist. no dependence or abuse potential. mildly effective, help sleep induction.

49
Q

strychnine

A

glycine receptor antagonist (inhibiting an inhibitor), affects motor nerves in spinal cord. convulsant properties, causes tonic hyperextension of body/limbs.

50
Q

caffeine

A

methylxanthine. antagonist at adenosine receptors which inc adenyl cyclase activity. CNS: stim, inc alertness, dec drowsiness/fatigue. CV: inc hr, inc coronary blood flow. Resp: relaxes smooth muscle at high dosages. gastric mucosa: stim secretion of HCl. diuretic. withdrawal symptoms: headache, fatigue, impaired pscyhomotor performance, depression.

51
Q

amphetamine

A

adderall. psychomotor stimulant for ADHD. can also use for narcolepsy. releases NE/DA/5HT and block reuptake. adverse reactions: dizziness/tremor, can get paranoid psychosis. chornic use neurotoxicity. palpitations/arrhythmia, GI upset.

52
Q

methylphenidate

A

ritalin. psychomotor stimulate for ADHD. releases NE/DA and block reuptake. similar effects to amphetamine but less peripheral and CV stuff. adverse reaction: insomnia, restlessness, talkativeness.

53
Q

ephedrine/pseudoephedrine

A

mixed direct and indirect stimulant, alpha and beta adrenergic agonist, also block reuptake of NE/DA.

54
Q

methamphetamine

A

psychomotor stimulant. releases NE/DA/5HT and block reuptake. CNS: stimulant, keeps you awake but doesn’t help learning. appetite suppression. CV stim. get tolerance and dependence. withdrawal: prolonged sleep, lassitude, fatigue, depression, intense hunger.

55
Q

phentermine

A

amphetamine analogue. similar action. use for appetite suppressant.

56
Q

atomoxetine

A

nonpsychomotor stimulant for ADHD. selective NRI. less abuse potential. may inc suicidal thoughts.

57
Q

modafinil

A

provigil. mech unclear, inc release of DA, also result in activation of NE neuron in locus ceruleus leading to more wakeful state. use for narcolepsy and other sleep disorder. also ADHD and Alzheimers.

58
Q

cocaine

A

indirectly acting sympathomimetic. block reuptake of DA/NE. only 5-10min high. metabolized by esterases. effects similar to methamphetamine. also local anesthetic activity. adverse reaction: seizure, hyperthermia, resp arrest. CV effects due to vasoconstrictive effects, less O2 delivery to heart but more O2 demand. get MI, arrythmias.. etc.

59
Q

MDMA

A

psychoactive drug. potent releaser and/or reuptake inhibitor of 5HT/DA/NE. similar to amphetamine and halucinogen. inc energy, euphoria, warmth/empathy (mediated by 5HT triggering release of oxytocin). distortion in sensory/time. adverse effects: similar to serotonin syndrome, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, tachycardia, agitation, confusion, anxiety

60
Q

bath salts

A

cathinone, amphetamine like stimulant. all act on NE/DA/5HT presynaptic terminals to inc release. inc energy, empathy, openness, inc libido. adverse effects: CV, psych, neurologic.

61
Q

LSD

A

very potent hallucinogen, sensory alterations, pseudohallucination, alterations of affectivity. dilated pupils. loss of filtering (filter out stuff like fans/footsteps). acute tolerance. 5HT2 receptor agonist.

62
Q

psilocybin

A

like LSD, in peyote

63
Q

mescaline

A

like LSD, in mushrooms

64
Q

chlorpromazine

A

phenothiazine. for schizophrenia. block dopa receptors (D2, therapeutic effect), muscarinic receptors, alpha1 receptors, H1 receptors. side effects get psychomotor slowing, sedation, inc seizure risk, inhibit vomiting, hypothermia, EPS. adverse reactions: gynecomastia, orthostatic hypotension, antimuscarinic effects, weight gain, allergic reaction.

65
Q

thioridazine

A

phenothiazine. for schizophrenia. block dopa receptors (D2, therapeutic effect), muscarinic receptors, alpha1 receptors, H1 receptors. side effects get psychomotor slowing, sedation, inc seizure risk, inhibit vomiting, hypothermia, EPS. adverse reactions: gynecomastia, orthostatic hypotension, antimuscarinic effects, weight gain, allergic reaction.

66
Q

fluphenazine

A

phenothiazine. for schizophrenia. block dopa receptors (D2, therapeutic effect), muscarinic receptors, alpha1 receptors, H1 receptors. side effects get psychomotor slowing, sedation, inc seizure risk, inhibit vomiting, hypothermia, EPS. adverse reactions: gynecomastia, orthostatic hypotension, antimuscarinic effects, weight gain, allergic reaction.

67
Q

haloperidol

A

butyrophenone.

68
Q

clozapine

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia. can cause agrnulocytosis.

69
Q

risperidone

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia.

70
Q

olanzapine

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia.

71
Q

quetiapine

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia.

72
Q

ziprasidone

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia.

73
Q

aripiprazole

A

atypical antipsychotic, for schizophrenia. less D2 activity, more 5HT activity. less EPS effects/prolactin release, more metabolic syndrome and T2DM. adverse effects: lengthen QT interval get arrhythmia.

Block 8 (1 decks)

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