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B8 - Endocrine & Reproductive Systems > Block 8 ALS > Flashcards

Block 8 ALS Flashcards

1
Q

Where would this tissue be found

A

Thyroid Gland

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2
Q

Name B

A

Follicular Cells

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3
Q

What Hormones are secreted into A (x3)

A
  1. Triiodothyronine (T3)
  2. Thyroxine (T4)
  3. Calcitonin
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4
Q

Name C

A

Parafollicular Cell

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5
Q

What does C secrete

A

Calcitonin

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6
Q

What two tissues does this image show

A

Thyroid Tissue (Top)

Parathyroid Tissue (Lower 3/4)

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7
Q

Define Diabetes

A

The bodies ability to produce or respond the hormone Insulin is impaired resulting in raised blood glucose levels.

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8
Q

Name a common symptom of Diabetes 1

A

Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia)

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9
Q

Name a common symptom of Diabetes 2

A

Excessive urination (Polyuria)

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10
Q

Name a common symptom of Diabetes 3

A

Excessive Fatigue

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11
Q

Which type of Diabetes is Insuline dependent

A

Type 1

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12
Q

Which type of Diabetes is Insuline independent

A

Type 2

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13
Q

What is Diabetes Insipidus

A

Polyuria caused by damage to kidneys or anti-diuretic homone deficiency.

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14
Q

What is the other name for the Pituitary Gland

A

Hypophysis

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15
Q

What Embryonic structures do the Thyroid and Parathyroid glands develop from

A

Pharyngeal Arches and pouches

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16
Q

What is another name for the Pitutarry fossa in which the gland sits

A

Sella Turcica

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17
Q

The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by

A

The Pituitary stalk or Ifundibulum

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18
Q

The pituitary gland is positionally related to the hypothalamus how

A

Hypothalamus is superior and slightly posterior to the pituitary gland

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19
Q

What is the pituitary glands function in relation to other endocrine glands

A

It has the master control over all other endocrine glands

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20
Q

In which bone does the Sella Turcica reside for the pituitary gland

A

Sphenoid Bone

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21
Q

What are the distinct parts of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior and Posterior

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22
Q

What type of tissue is the anterior pituitary gland made from

A

Endocrine

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23
Q

What type of tissue is the posterior pituitary gland made from

A

Neural

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24
Q

What is the Embryonic origin of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Oral Ectoderm from roof of mouth

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25
Q

What is the Embryonic origin of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Neuroectoderm of the diecephalon

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26
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the pituitary gland

A

Superior and Inferior Hypophyseal arteries

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27
Q

Where does the Pituitary venous drainage empty into

A

Cavernous Sinus

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28
Q

Do the hypothalmic axons release neurohormones directly into the Anterior Pituitary gland

A

No

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29
Q

In the anterior pituitary lobe where do the hypothalmic axons release neurohormones

A

The primary cappillary plexus

30
Q

What connects the primary and secondary cappillary plexuses of the anterior pituitary gland

A

The Hypothalamo Hypophyseal Portal system

31
Q

In the anterior pituitary lobe in which cappillary plexus do the endocrine cells reside

A

The secondary plexus

32
Q

Are the endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary lobe stimulated by hormones or impulses from the hypothalamus

A

Hormones

33
Q

What cells secrete hormones into the posterior pituitary lobe

A

Neural cells of the Hypothalamus directly

34
Q

Which type of hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary lobe

A

Neurohormones

35
Q

What Hormones do Somatotoph cells secrete

A

Growth Hormone

36
Q

What Hormones do Mammotroph cells secrete

A

Prolactin which stimulates lactation

37
Q

What Hormones do Corticotroph cells secrete

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Melanocyte Simulating Hormone

38
Q

What Hormones do Thyrotoph cells secrete

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

39
Q

What Hormones do Gonadotroph cells secrete

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Leutinising Hormone

40
Q

Posterior Pituitary lobe consists mainly of

A

Neural Tissue

41
Q

Anterior Pituitary lobe consists mainly of

A

Endocrine Tissue

42
Q

What two cells types form the posterior lobe of the Pertuitary

A

Non-mylinated axons and Pituicyte support cells

43
Q

What is the rough Histology of the Anterior Pituitary Lobe

A

Chords of specialised epithelial cells interspersed with cappillaries

44
Q

Which 2 arteries supply the thyroid gland

A

Superior and Inferior Thyroid arteries

45
Q

The Superior thyroid artery is derived from

A

The External Carotid artery

46
Q

The Inferior thyroid artery is derived from via the

A

The Subclavian Artery via the Thyrocervical Trunk

47
Q

Which 3 Veins drain the Thyroid gland

A

Superior Middle and Inferior Thyroid veins

48
Q

Which large vein do 2 of the thyroid veins empty into

A

Internal Jugular Vein

49
Q

Which Thyroid veins empty into the Internal Jugular Vein

A

Superior and Middle

50
Q

Which larger vein does the Inferior Thyroid vein drain into

A

Brachiocephalic vein

51
Q

Which Pharyngeal arch does the thyroid develop from

A

2nd

52
Q

What is the name of the envagination or oral endoderm that forms the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid Premordium

53
Q

The Thyroid gland begins its descent from the base of what early structure

A

Tongue

54
Q

Does the Thyrid gland descend anteriorly or posteriorly to the developing hyoid bone

A

Anteriorly

55
Q

What is the name of the remnant tube left behind as the developing thyroid descends

A

Thyroglossal Duct

56
Q

What is the rough histology of the thyroid gland

A

Colloid filled follicles with a single layer of epithelial follicular cells at their circumference

57
Q

What 2 cell types are found in the Thyroid

A

Parafollicular Cells

58
Q

What hormone do Parafollicular cells secrete

A

Calcitonin

59
Q

What hormones do Follicular cells secrete

A

Triiodothyronine or T3 and Thyroxine or T4

60
Q

Thyroid tissue is different to all other endocrine tissue how

A

Only one that stores large quantities of its secretory product rather than producing on demand

61
Q

Which Pharyngeal pouch do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland develop from

A

4th

62
Q

Which cells are more numerous in their tissue Follicular or Parafollicular

A

Follicular cells are much more numerous

63
Q

On average how many Parathyroid glands does a person have

A

4

64
Q

What two subcatagories are the parathyroid glands named

A

Superior and Inferior

65
Q

What arterial supply do the parathyroid glands have

A

Superior or Inferior Thyroid arteries depending on location

66
Q

What venus supply do the parathyroid glands have

A

To plexus on anterior surface of thyroid gland

67
Q

What 2 cell types are found in the Parathyroid glands

A

Chief or Principle cells and Oxyphil Cells

68
Q

What it the rough histology structure of the Parathyroid glands

A

Cordlike clusters of cells around cappillaries similarly to anterior pituitary gland

69
Q

What hormone is secreted by the Chief cells in the parathyroid

A

Parathyroid Hormone

70
Q

Do the parathyroid glands form from pharyngeal arches or pouches

A

Pouches

71
Q

Which Pharyngeal pouch does the Superior Parathyroid gland develop from

A

4th

72
Q

Which Pharyngeal pouch does the Inferior Parathyroid gland develop from

A

3rd

B8 - Endocrine & Reproductive Systems (5 decks)

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