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Immuno > Block 7 > Flashcards

Block 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Number 1 cause of death in developed countries

A

CHD

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2
Q

Number 1 cause of death in developing countries

A

Lower Respiratory infections

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3
Q

KOH prep detects

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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4
Q

Calcoflour white detects

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae (fluorescent)

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5
Q

Gram stains detect

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Acid-Fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) detects

A

Mycobacterium/TB and others

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7
Q

Wright-Giemsa test

A

Blood smear that detects WBC, epithelial inclusion bodies, and protozoans

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8
Q

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

A

Lowest amount of drug that inhibits bacterial replication

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9
Q

Minimal Bacteriocidal Concentration (MBC)

A

Minimum amount of drug that kills bacteria

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10
Q

Most common lactose fermenter?

A

E. Coli

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11
Q

Neutrophilia suggests?

A

Bacterial infection

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12
Q

Lymphocytosis/neutropenia suggests

A

Viral infection

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13
Q

C-Reactive Protein/sedimentation rate suggests

A

Inflammation

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14
Q

Eosinophilia suggests

A

Allergies/parasites?

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15
Q

Blood agar detects

A

Most bacteria

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16
Q

Chocolate agar detects

A

Fastidious bacteria
Haemophilus
Neisseria

17
Q

Thayer-Martin agar

A

Neisseria

18
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Gram negative rods

19
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

Staphylococci

20
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen

A

Mycobacterium ssp.

21
Q

Sabouraud agar

A

Fungi

22
Q

Bacterial cell wall has what?

A

Peptidoglycan

23
Q

Difference in gram positive and gram negative bacteria

A

Gram positive 2 layers, thick peptidoglycan layer

Gram negative 3 layers, outer membrane with LPS and thin peptidoglycan layer

24
Q

What part of LPS is endotoxin? What triggers its release? Effect on body?

A

Lipid A, released when body lyses GNRs, causes inflammation, fever, and possible fatal shock.

25
Q

Difference in endo and exotoxins

A

Endotoxins released by dying gram negative bacteria.

Exotoxins released by replicating gram positive and negative bacteria.

26
Q

What major class of toxin is enterotoxins?

A

Exotoxins

27
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms by which enterotoxins cause diarrhea?

A

Inhibit NaCl resorption, activate NaCl secretion, kill intestinal epithelial cells

28
Q

What is beta hemolysis?

A

Complete RBC lysis

29
Q

What is the prototypical beta hemolytic pathogen?

A

Group A strep

Immuno (1 decks)

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