Block 6: Functional Groups 2 Flashcards
What does the OH of an alcohol act as?
Either an acid or a base
For aromatic rings, how do electron withdrawing groups affect acidity?
They increase acidity as they stabilise the phenoxide anion
In an aromatic ring, how do electron donating groups affect acidity?
They decrease it as they destabilise the phenoxide anion
Reagent for alkyl halide hydrolysis to form an alcohol?
HO-
Or H2O
Reagent for preparing alcohol from alkenes?
H2O
Reagent for hydrocarbon-oxidation? (Ie; CH3CH=CH2)?
B2H6
HO-, H2O2
Reagent for aldehyde reaction to primary alcohol?
NaBH4,
H3O
Reagent for ketone reduction to secondary alcohol?
NaBH4
H3O
Reagent for reduction of an ester to a primary alcohol?
LiAlH4
H3O
Reagent with Grignard reagent to form a primary alcohol with one more carbon?
HCHO (methanal)
Reagent with Grignard reagent to form a secondary alcohol?
Aldehydes RCHO (R doesn’t equal H)
What reacts with a Grignard reagent to equal a tertiary alcohol?
Ketone
What reacts with a 2 mol equivalent Grignard reagent to produce a tertiary alcohol with two groups the same?
Ester or acyl halide
What is a Grignard reagent?
RMgX
How do tertiary alcohols proceed?
Through Sn1 mechanism
How do primary alcohols proceed substitutions?
Sn2 mechanisms (but this is too slow)
How do alcohols form an alkene?
By heating with conc. H2SO4
What type of mechanism is tertiary alcohol to alkene?
E1 (2 steps)
What type of mechanism does a primary alcohol take to form an alkene?
E2 (one step) mechanism
What reagent is used to oxidise a primary alcohol to form an aldehyde or carboxylic acid, or a secondary alcohol to a ketone?
H2CrO4 (for carboxylic acid or ketone),
PCC for an aldehyde
Can you oxidise tertiary alcohols?
No
