block 5-vector transmitted diseases

Question 1

c.difficile infection

Answer 1

`Main Cause: This condition is primarily caused by the use of antibiotics, which can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut.
Spectrum of Disease:
Mild Diarrhea: Some people may experience just mild diarrhea after taking antibiotics.
Pseudomembranous Colitis: This is a more serious condition where the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and develops a thick, membrane-like layer. It can cause more severe diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Life-Threatening: In very severe cases, if the bowel (intestines) is damaged, harmful substances like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or bacteria can leak into the bloodstream, leading to serious complications and potentially being life-threatening.

Question 2

how do antibiotics cause c.difficile

Answer 2

-usually we have diverse microbiota ( the community of microorganisms (like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes) that naturally live in specific environments)
- when we take antibiotics it reduces that diversity
-this disruption may create an environment where C. difficile can thrive, and allowing it to produce harmful toxins that lead to gastrointestinal illness. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota is essential for preventing such infections
c.difficile produces toxins that cause damage and diarrhoea

Question 3

c . diffficiles shared features with c.botulinus and c.tetani

Answer 3

• gram positive,otile rods
  -strict anareobes
  -spread by oxygen resistant endospores
  -opportunistic or incidental pathogens