block 5-eyes

Question 1

Why do we move the eyes?

Answer 1

• move the image to the Fobea
  -stabilise the imagine on the fobea

Question 2

Optimistic nystagmus purpose

Answer 2

• track movement of visual fields
• has a slow phase on direction of the target.
  ……………

Question 3

Pathological Nystagmus

Answer 3

• involuntary constant to and for movement of the eyes
• two types: infantile or developed in later life due to a neurological disease
• reduced visual acuity
  -cosmetics- has physcho/social impacts of life

Question 4

Importance to classify nystagmus

Answer 4

• can lead to predictions of future diseases so it’s important to know if it’s infantile or accrued
• infantile= albinism, retinal disease etc…
• acquired= brain disorders such as = no oscillopsia ( don’t perceive the world is moving around)
  multiple scelerosis, brain tumours, strokes = oscillopsia

Question 5

Recording eye movements of Nystagmus

Answer 5

Qualitative= video
Quantitative= 2D so horizontal and vertical movement of eyes
E.g. 2D- electroculography

• 3d sagitoonal something as well …

Question 6

2D- limbus tracker

Answer 6

• measures reflected in

Question 7

2D- video- oculography

Question 8

Nystagmus characteristics

Answer 8

• intensity= amplitude x frequency
• wave form= pendular, jerk, complex
• plane
  -wave form= conjugate, discongate
• time of the wave
  Occlusion
  -

Question 9

Infantile nystagmus

Answer 9

• hereditary
  -onset in the first few months of life
• no other problems with the visual
  System
  -vision is good
• nystagmus amplifier use and waveform changes with age
• sometimes head nodding

Question 10

Albinism

Answer 10

• ## absent or decreased tissue melanin in conjunction with visual systems abnormalities

Question 11

Visual system abnormalities in albinism

Answer 11

• hypopigmentation
• retinal abnormalities
  -chiasmal abnormalities
• similar to characterisic to infantile nystagmus

Question 12

Retinal diseases associated with nystagmus

Answer 12

• congenital station al night blindness

Question 13

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 13

-demyelination disease
- myelin sheath in the brain and spinal chord are damaged
- usually diagnosed between 20-40 years

Question 14

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Question 15

Why is there no oscillopsia in infantile Nystagmus

Answer 15

• ## maybe due to plasticity of the brain until about 7 years - parental cortex