Block 5 [122641973] Flashcards
What is an absolute requirement for letting a patient go into hospice care?
Less than 6 months prognosis and a irreversibly declining condition
What would you find on light microscopy of the glomeruli of a patient with good pasture’s disease?
Crescentic, linear IF deposits
By what mechanism does ionizing radiation hurt the cancer cells?
Two main mechanisms
- Free radical formation
- Double stranded DNA breaks
What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates such as parathion?
Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterases
What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine, adenine and guanine?
Cytosine becomes uracil
Adenine becomes hypoxanthine
Guanine becomes xanthine
What is the sequence of events in base exicision repair?
Glycosylase, endonuclease, lyase, DNA polymerase, ligase [GEL PLease]
What is the sequence of events in nucleotide excision repair?
Endonuclease, DNA polymerase, ligase
What is required for diagnosis of narcolepsy? What are the associated features?
Narcoleptic attacks >= 3/week for greater than 3 months with cataplexy, depleted hypocretin levels and shortened REM latency.
Associated with hypnogogic or hyponopompic hallucinations or sleep paralysis
What are some mechanisms of resistance against aminoglycosides?
Methylation of bacterial ribosome, adenylation, acetylations, phosphorylation
What is the role of snRNA?
part of the splicosome complex that removes introns
What are anti-smith antibodies?
smith proteins complex with snRNA in the cytoplasm to form snRNPs.
Which artery is preferred for grafting in an isolated LAD stenosis?
left Internal mammary/thoracic artery
Which artery is preferred for grafting in a mulitple artery stenosis case?
Great saphenous vein
What is the longest vein in the body?
Great saphenous vein
Where do surgeons access the great saphenous vein from?
Near the femoral triangle, inferior to the pubic tubercle
Where is transthyretin produced and what is its function?
Produced in the liver. Functions as carrier of thyroxine and retinol
Where do beta-blockers primarily exert their actions in the heart?
in the AV node and on cells with automaticity
What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime?
It is a cholinesterase reactivator
Which disease is suspect in a patient with positive anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody?
Celiac’s disease
How does a drastic decrease in serum magnesium affect PTH levels?
hypomagnesemia causes hypoparathyroidism
How does a moderate decrease in serum magnesium affect PTH levels?
increase in PTH levels
List the common causes of hypomagnesemia
Alcohol abuse, diuretics, aminoglycosides, diarrhea
Why does Hep D virus need the Hep b virus?
The Hep B virus helps the Hep D virus enter the hepatocyte by coating it since Hep D virus is replication defective.
What defect will occur if the nasal prominence does not fuse.
The intermaxillary segment will not form and midling defects like holoprocencephaly will occur
