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UWorld > Block 5 [122641973] > Flashcards

Block 5 [122641973] Flashcards

1
Q

What is an absolute requirement for letting a patient go into hospice care?

A

Less than 6 months prognosis and a irreversibly declining condition

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2
Q

What would you find on light microscopy of the glomeruli of a patient with good pasture’s disease?

A

Crescentic, linear IF deposits

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3
Q

By what mechanism does ionizing radiation hurt the cancer cells?

A

Two main mechanisms

  1. Free radical formation
  2. Double stranded DNA breaks
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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates such as parathion?

A

Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterases

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5
Q

What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine, adenine and guanine?

A

Cytosine becomes uracil
Adenine becomes hypoxanthine
Guanine becomes xanthine

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6
Q

What is the sequence of events in base exicision repair?

A

Glycosylase, endonuclease, lyase, DNA polymerase, ligase [GEL PLease]

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7
Q

What is the sequence of events in nucleotide excision repair?

A

Endonuclease, DNA polymerase, ligase

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8
Q

What is required for diagnosis of narcolepsy? What are the associated features?

A

Narcoleptic attacks >= 3/week for greater than 3 months with cataplexy, depleted hypocretin levels and shortened REM latency.
Associated with hypnogogic or hyponopompic hallucinations or sleep paralysis

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9
Q

What are some mechanisms of resistance against aminoglycosides?

A

Methylation of bacterial ribosome, adenylation, acetylations, phosphorylation

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10
Q

What is the role of snRNA?

A

part of the splicosome complex that removes introns

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11
Q

What are anti-smith antibodies?

A

smith proteins complex with snRNA in the cytoplasm to form snRNPs.

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12
Q

Which artery is preferred for grafting in an isolated LAD stenosis?

A

left Internal mammary/thoracic artery

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13
Q

Which artery is preferred for grafting in a mulitple artery stenosis case?

A

Great saphenous vein

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14
Q

What is the longest vein in the body?

A

Great saphenous vein

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15
Q

Where do surgeons access the great saphenous vein from?

A

Near the femoral triangle, inferior to the pubic tubercle

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16
Q

Where is transthyretin produced and what is its function?

A

Produced in the liver. Functions as carrier of thyroxine and retinol

17
Q

Where do beta-blockers primarily exert their actions in the heart?

A

in the AV node and on cells with automaticity

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime?

A

It is a cholinesterase reactivator

19
Q

Which disease is suspect in a patient with positive anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody?

A

Celiac’s disease

20
Q

How does a drastic decrease in serum magnesium affect PTH levels?

A

hypomagnesemia causes hypoparathyroidism

21
Q

How does a moderate decrease in serum magnesium affect PTH levels?

A

increase in PTH levels

22
Q

List the common causes of hypomagnesemia

A

Alcohol abuse, diuretics, aminoglycosides, diarrhea

23
Q

Why does Hep D virus need the Hep b virus?

A

The Hep B virus helps the Hep D virus enter the hepatocyte by coating it since Hep D virus is replication defective.

24
Q

What defect will occur if the nasal prominence does not fuse.

A

The intermaxillary segment will not form and midling defects like holoprocencephaly will occur

25
Q

What is the pierre-robin sequence?

A

Hypoplasia of mandibular prominence leading to microagnathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate due to inability of fusion of secondary palate

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of oxybutinin?

A

It is an M3 muscarinic antagonist

27
Q

What is required from presentation in TTP for diagnosis?

A

Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia

28
Q

What are the drugs associated with DRESS syndrome?

A

Phenytoin, carbamazapine, vancomycin, allopurinol, sulfanomides, minocycline

29
Q

What is the presentation of DRESS syndrome

A

Morbilliform skin rash, multiorgan failure and fever

UWorld (3 decks)

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