Block 4 Pharmacology

Question 1

Hydroxycobalamin

Answer 1

Natural form of vitamin B12 - targets methionine , cofactor involved in conversion of L-methyl-CoA to succinyl CoA . Required for production of Hb . Treats pernicious anaemia and B12 deficiency

Question 2

Folic acid

Answer 2

Member of B12 family and targets bihydrofolate reductase - stimulates haemtopoesis system . Treats folic acid deficiency and megablastic anaemia .

Question 3

Ferrous sulphate

Answer 3

Iron - used in production of HB and prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia .

Question 4

Ferrous glycinate

Answer 4

Same as ferrous sulphate

Question 5

Azathioprine

Answer 5

Purine synthesis inhibitor . Targets purine SNA . Connected to metacaptoprine which inhibits DNA synthesis of purine thus prevents clinal proliferation in induction stage of immune response . Treats rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease . Prevention of rejection of transplant .

Question 6

Ciclosporine

Answer 6

Cyclosporine

Question 7

Clopidogrel

Answer 7

ADO antagonist , prevents binding of ADP to platelet receptor and irreversibly inhibits a subtype of ADP receptor , this prevents platelet aggregation - reduces risk of stroke and MI .

Question 8

Heparin

Answer 8

Anticoagulant . Binds to antithrombin 3 and incr rate of thrombin and other cofactor inactivation . Treats prophylaxis and venous thrombosis .

Question 9

Lepirudin

Answer 9

Direct thrombin inhibitor , binds to thrombin and removes its ability to cleave fibrinogen and activate clotting cascade - treatment of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia .

Question 10

Prednisolone

Answer 10

Immunosuppressant - binds to glucocorticoid receptors and enters cell nucleus and indirectly suppresses IL2 expression - treats 1 or 2 adrenocortical insufficiency .

Question 11

Tetanus

Answer 11

Live antibodies , tetanus booster toxin - infection risk of tetanus .

Question 12

Chlorophenamine

Answer 12

Antihistamine (H1) - blocks action of endogenous histamine , rhinitis , allergy , asthma , common cold

Question 13

Diclofenae

Answer 13

COX - inhibitor - COX -2 so Inhibits peripheral PG release - reduce inflammation . Treats RA and osteoarthritis

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

Adrenoceptor agonist - alpha and beta adrenoceptors . Stimulates receptors to raise BP , open airway anaphylaxis and sepsis

Question 15

Hydrocortisone

Answer 15

Anti inflammatory - glucocorticoid receptors , reduces inflammation by Inhibting PGs and leukocytes and treats immune responses and allergic disorders