Block 4 Flashcards
Engineering Controls
Include eliminating chemical, ventilation (dilution and LEV), automation, isolating, and enclosing the process, and design changes (tools, workstations, and equipment)
Administrative Controls
Involve management and employee interventions designed to reduce exposure such as job rotation, job changes, education and training, personal hygiene, preventive maintenance, and housekeeping
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Should always be used as a last resort unless all other controls are not feasible
Minimization
Expression used when a hazard is lessened by scaling down the hazardous process.
Isolation
Term applied when a barrier is interposed between a material, equipment, or process hazard and the property or persons who might be affected by the hazard (e.g., glove box, blast shield).
Substitution
refers to the Replacement of a hazardous material or activity with one that is less hazardous
Ventilation
Used to control toxic and/or flammable atmospheres by exhausting or supplying air to either remove hazardous atmospheres at their source or dilute them to a safe level.
Substance Specific Standards
OSHA created specific actions that must be taken when workers are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of the chemical of concern.
Where can you find Substance Specific Standards?
OSHA 1910 Series and OSHA 1926 Series
What can protective clothing be made out of?
Natural materials (e.g., cotton, wool, leather), man-made fibers (e.g., nylon, rayon), or various polymers
Thermal
Heavy cotton or other natural fabrics
Fire
Aluminized gloves; fire retardant; aramid fiber and other special fabrics
Mechanical Abrasion
Heavy fabrics; Leather with metal studding
Cuts
Metal mesh; aromatic polyamide fiber and other special fabrics
Punctures
Leather; fabric coated with filled plastic; thick elastometers
Vibration
Natural or polymeric gloves with elastomeric materials
Chemical/Toxicological
Polymeric materials; Elastomeric materials
Biological
Latex or polymer
Radiological
Polymer gloves; lead lined resistant for radionuclides or shield containing
Airflow Volume
Specific Quantity of air being pulled into and through the ventilation system
Capture Velocity
Air Velocity at any point in front of a capture hood opening necessary to overcome opposing air currents and capture contaminated air prior to entering the workers breathing zone
Face Velocity
Measurement of air at the opening of a local exhaust capture hood
Three Components of Airflow
Area, Velocity, Airflow Volume
Three Types of Pressure Losses
Friction Loss, Dynamic Loss, Vena Contracta
Friction Loss
Due to rubbing of air molecules along the sides of the duct
Dynamic Losses
Losses due to turbulence
Vena Contracta
Point where airstream diameter is the smallest
Smoke Tubes
Determine airflow in or out of a room
Magnehelic Gauge
Determine what pressure the system is under
Balometer
Uses hood attachment to funnel airflow and then calculate airflow volume automatically
LEV System
Designed to capture and remove process emissions prior to their escape into the workplace environment.
Manufacturers Guide
Should publish the minimum parameters that the ventilation system must meet before the system is deemed operational
ACGIH
Key parameters that a ventilation system must meet before it is put into place
Pre-Survey Form
If a ventilation system has already been evaluated, then there is a high probability that a BE technician has already researched the ventilation system key parameters in the IVM or the manufacturer’s literature and annotated those parameters on a pre-survey form.
Vapor Calculations
Can be an indicator of what might be happening in the environment
Air Sampling
Provide raw data on how much contaminant is being generated
Standards
Sometimes specific contaminants can cause more harm to the body in comparison to other chemicals. These chemicals will have special regulations OSHA substance
Face Velocity
Survey measures the velocity at the face of the hood
Termoanemometer
This type of instrument employs the principle that the amount of heat removed by an airstream passing a heated object is related to the velocity of the airstream
Inclined Manometer
Uses a Pitot tube allowing the user to record pressure inside the duct of the ventilation system; filled with red gauge oil, with a specific gravity of 0.826
Pitot Traverse
Used to perform duct velocity or transport velocity surveys as well as static pressure checks.
Operations and Maintenance Procedures for Ventilation Systems
Well-Maintained Filter System, Regular Maintenance, Good Housekeeping, Air Intakes in non-contaminated locations, Components dry
Cleaning/Sanitizing Respirators
respirators must be Cleaned and disinfected IAW 29 CFR 1910.134 App. B-2 and AFI 48-137 regularly.
Facepiece
> Rips, tears, cracks, and/or holes
Deformation of the natural shape
Cracked, scratched, or loose-fitting lenses
Broken or missing mounting clips
Head Straps/Harness
> Loss of elasticity
Broken buckles or attachments
Breaks or tears
Exhalation/Inhalation Valves
> Detergent residue or dust on valve seal > Proper installation > Rips, tears, cracks, and/or holes > Missing/defective valve cover > Pliability
Air-purifying Element
> Proper type of filter for the contaminant(s)
Missing or worn gaskets
Worn threads
Cracks or dents in the housing
Workplace Specific Operating Instructions
Supervisors of workplaces in which respiratory protection is used must develop a written plan as required by 29 CFR 1910.134
