Block 4 Flashcards
What is the medical model of disability?
Disability is intrinsic to the individual (attributed to physical or cognitive impairments)
HCP role is centred around treatment (curing or changing disability)
What are the criticisms of the medical model of disability?
Negative/ disempowering for those with disabilities
Individualises issue of disability (no consideration of social constraints)
What is the social model of disability?
Disability extrinsic to the individual (social, attitudinal and physical barriers preventing those with disabilities from participating in society to the same extent as someone without a disability)
Distinguishes between impairment (bodily, mental or intellectual limitation) and disability (loss, or limitation of, opportunities to take part in society on an equal basis)
What are the advantages of the social model of disability?
Disability not seen as the inevitable consequence of living with an impairment
Emphasises need to remove extrinsic barriers to equal social participation
Calls for social and political change, not individual adaptation
What are the disadvantages of the social model of disability?
Failure to acknowledge the significance of impairment for some individuals
What is the integrated model of disability?
Disability a result of complex interactions between impairment and the social, environmental and cultural context
Approach adopted by WHO (international classification of functioning) and the UN (convention on the rights of persons with disabilities)
Why should the UN’s human rights approach to disability be adopted?
Establishes that people with disabilities have the same rights as those who don’t
A universal benchmark that can be applied - it is a human rights violation if a disabled person’s experience falls short of this standard
How is the UK Equality Act used as a tool to promote the rights of people with disabilities?
Disability is a protected characteristic - those with disabilities require equal treatment in access to employment, private and public services (all health and social care services covered by Equality Act)
In what ways are people with disabilities disadvantaged in terms of their living circumstances?
Less likely to be employed and more likely to experience discrimination at work
More likely to experience poverty
Less likely to have educational qualifications
Less control over daily life
Difficulty accessing health services
What are the health advantages of being in employment?
Better physical and mental health (incl. increased confidence)
Better social integration
Better monetary resources
What is occupational health?
Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental and social wellbeing of all workers in all occupations
What are the costs of sickness absences on the state, employers and employees?
Costs the state £15b in sickness benefits etc.
Costs employers £9b in sick pay etc.
Costs employees £4b in lost earnings
How is demography in the workplace changing?
Increase in women and the over 65s in employment
Shift from physical to sedentary work
Shift from full time/ jobs for life to part time/ flexitime/ portfolio careers
What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?
A hazard is something that might cause harm
A risk is the likelihood of that harm occurring
What are the 3 components of a risk assessment?
- Identify hazard
- Assess risk
- Manage/ control the risks
