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Gross Anatomy > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line

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2
Q

insertion of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid raphe/ body of hyoid

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3
Q

action of mylohyoid

A

support for floor of mouth/swallowing reflex

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4
Q

nerve to mylohyoid innervates?

A

mylohyoid/ ant. belly of digastric

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5
Q

origin of geniohyoid

A

inferior mental spines

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6
Q

insertion of geniohyoid

A

body of hyoid

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7
Q

action of geniohyoid

A

pull hyoid anteriorly/superiorly, depress mandible, support floor of mouth, swallowing

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8
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 via XII

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9
Q

origin of genioglossus

A

superior mental spines

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10
Q

insertion of genioglossus

A

blends with intrinsic tongue muscles/ hyoid

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11
Q

action of genioglossus

A

inferior fibers: protraction; superior fibers: retraction; swallowing

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12
Q

origin of hyoglossus

A

greater horn and body of hyoid

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13
Q

insertion of hyoglossus

A

sides of tongue

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14
Q

action of hyoglossus

A

draws down on sides of tongue flattening it, retraction

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15
Q

origin of styloglossus

A

styloid process

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16
Q

insertion of styloglossus

A

sides of tongue

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17
Q

action of styloglossus

A

pulls tongue posteriorly

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18
Q

origin of palatoglossus

A

palatine aponeurosis

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19
Q

insertion of palatoglossus

A

sides of tongue

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20
Q

which muscle forms the anterior tonsillar pillars?

A

palatoglossus

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21
Q

which is the tongue muscles to be innervated by X instead of XII?

A

palatoglossus

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22
Q

lesion of XII on one side deviates tongue toward the…

A

lesioned side

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23
Q

completely mucus saliva?

A

sublingual

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24
Q

serous saliva?

A

parotid

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25
Q

mixed saliva?

A

submandibular

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26
Q

which nerves course on the superficial surface of hyoglossus?

A

lingual nerve (superiorly), XII (inferiorly)

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27
Q

what courses deep to hyoglossus?

A

lingual artery

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28
Q

Lingual nerve?

A

GSA from anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, lingual gingiva of mandible

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29
Q

cell bodies of lingual nerve?

A

semilunar or trigeminal ganglion

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30
Q

where is the trigeminal ganglion?

A

anterior slope of the petrous portion of the temporal bone in middle cranial fossa

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31
Q

which division of V has a motor component?

A

V3

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32
Q

origin of platysma

A

fascia covering the upper parts of pec major and deltoid

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33
Q

insertion of platysma

A

the mandible and skin of the lower part of the face and corner of the mouth

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34
Q

action of platysma

A

draws down on the corners of the mouth and upward on skin of the chest

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35
Q

the broad tendinous sheet that unites the frontal and occipital bellies of the epicranius?

A

galea aponeurotica

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36
Q

origin of occipitalis

A

superior nuchal line

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37
Q

insertion of occipitalis

A

galea

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38
Q

origin of frontalis

A

galea

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39
Q

insertion of frontalis

A

skin of eyebrows and root of nose

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40
Q

action of frontalis

A

elevates eyebrows

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41
Q

origin of anterior/superior auricular mm.

A

galea

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42
Q

origin of posterior auricular m.

A

mastoid process

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43
Q

insertion of all auricular mm.

A

cartilage of ear

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44
Q

action of all auricular mm.

A

moves ear slightly

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45
Q

muscle surrounding orbital passage?

A

orbicularis oculi

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46
Q

origin of orbital part of orbicularis oculi

A

broad origin from the medial orbital margin between the supraorbital notch and the infraorbital foramen; tendinous origin from the medial palpebral ligament

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47
Q

short ligament arising from the frontal process of maxilla anterior to lacrimal sulcus?

A

medial palpebral ligament

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48
Q

orbital part of orbicularis oculi spreads…

A

widely around the bony margin of the orbit into the eyelid and cheek

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49
Q

origin of palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi

A

medial palpebral ligament

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50
Q

palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi spreads…

A

in subcutaneous tissue of eyelids

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51
Q

action of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi

A

eye lids are approximated in blinking and sleep

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52
Q

action of orbital part of orbicularis oculi

A

eye lids are more forcefully brought together

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53
Q

contractions of what m. move lacrimal secretions across the cornea to keep it moist?

A

orbicularis oculi

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54
Q

origin of corrugator supercilii

A

medial aspect of superciliary arch

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55
Q

insertion of corrugator supercilii

A

skin of medial half of eyebrow

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56
Q

action of corrugator supercilii

A

draws eyebrows together (vertical wrinkles)

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57
Q

origin of procerus

A

nasal bone

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58
Q

insertion of procerus

A

intermingles with frontalis and inserts into skin of lower forehead between eyebrows

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59
Q

action of procerus

A

horizontal wrinkles in skin of superior part of nose

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60
Q

origin of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

upper part of frontal process of maxilla

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61
Q

insertion of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

ala of nose and upper lip

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62
Q

action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

elevate upper lip and flares ala cartilages of nose

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63
Q

origin of nasalis

A

maxilla above canine teeth

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64
Q

insertion of nasalis

A

aponeurois on bridge of nose that is continuous with nasalis on other side

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65
Q

action of nasalis

A

compresses nasal cartilages and spreads aperture open

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66
Q

origin of buccinator

A

pterygomandibular raphe and alveolar ridges of maxilla and mandible

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67
Q

action of buccinator

A

helps to keep the bolus of food on the occlusal surface of the teeth

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68
Q

muscles of the cheek and important component of lips

A

buccinators

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69
Q

origin of levator labii superioris

A

inferior margin of orbit above infraorbital foramen

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70
Q

action of levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

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71
Q

origin of levator anguli oris

A

below infraorbital formen

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72
Q

insertion of levator anguli oris

A

corner of mouth

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73
Q

origin of zygomaticus major

A

zygomatic bone

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74
Q

insertion of zygomaticus major

A

angle of mouth

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75
Q

action of zygomaticus major

A

raises angle of mouth and pulls corner laterally (smiling)

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76
Q

origin of zygomaticus minor

A

zygomatic bone

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77
Q

insertion of zygomaticus minor

A

inserts into upper lip with levator labii superioris

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78
Q

origin of depressor anguli oris

A

mandible

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79
Q

insertion of depressor anguli oris

A

skin at angle of mouth and lateral orbicularis oris fibers

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80
Q

action of depressor anguli oris

A

draws down on angle of mouth

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81
Q

origin of depressor labii inferioris

A

mandible

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82
Q

insertion of depressor labii inferioris

A

skin of lower lip and more medial fibers of orbicularis oris

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83
Q

action of depressor labii inferioris

A

draws lower lip downward

84
Q

origin of mentalis

A

mandible below incisors

85
Q

insertion of mentalis

A

skin of chin

86
Q

action of mentalis

A

draws on skin of chin (dimple)

87
Q

what does the facial artery terminate as near the medial margin of the orbit?

A

angular artery

88
Q

Branches of facial artery?

A

submental, inf. and sup. labial

89
Q

maxillary artery branches to face?

A

mental, buccal, infraorbital

90
Q

internal carotid artery branches to face?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear

91
Q

Facial v. begins…

A

at medial corner of eye as convergence of supratrochlear and/or supraorbital and superior ophthalmic veins

92
Q

communications of facial vv. with cavernous sinus

A

sup. and inf. ophthalmic vv. and pterygoid plexus

93
Q

what connects facial v with pterygoid plexus?

A

deep facial vein

94
Q

origin of masseter

A

zygomatic process of maxilla and lower border of zygomatic arch

95
Q

insertion of masseter

A

lateral surface of most of coronoid process, ramus, angle of mandible

96
Q

action of masseter

A

elevates the mandible

97
Q

innervation of masseter

A

masseteric nerve from V3

98
Q

what courses lateral to posterior digastric and stylohyoid

A

retromandibular vein

99
Q

what is deep to posterior digastric and stylohyoid

A

ext. cartoid artery

100
Q

order lateral to medial of contents of parotid

A

branches of VII, retromandibular vein, external carotid vein

101
Q

the superficial temporal vein joins the maxillary vein to form?

A

retromandibular vein

102
Q

pain fibers to the parotid capsule are from?

A

auriculotemporal of V3

103
Q

what lies on the posterior aspect of the petrous part of temporal bone?

A

internal acoustic meatus

104
Q

elevators of mandible

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

105
Q

depressors of mandible

A

digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, gravity

106
Q

protrudors of mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

107
Q

retractors of mandible

A

posterior temporalis, deep masseter, geniohyoid, digastric

108
Q

the temporal fascia spans between…

A

the superior temporal line and the zygomatic arch

109
Q

origin of temporalis

A

deep surface of the temporal fascia (parts of parietal, frontal, sphenoid, temporal bones)

110
Q

insertion of temporalis

A

coronoid process extending down the anterior border as far as the last molar tooth

111
Q

innervation of temporalis

A

anterior and posterior deep temporal of V3

112
Q

action of temporalis

A

elevate mandible (posterior fibers-retraction)

113
Q

origin of medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, infratemporal surface of maxilla

114
Q

insertion of medial pterygoid

A

angle of mandible

115
Q

action of medial pterygoid

A

elevate mandible

116
Q

origin of lateral pterygoid

A

upper: IT surface of great wing; lower: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid late

117
Q

insertion of lateral pterygoid

A

upper: articular disc; lower: pterygoid fovea

118
Q

action of lateral pterygoid

A

open mouth, depress mandible

119
Q

what passes through gap between medial and lateral pterygoid mm.

A

maxillary artery and buccal nerve

120
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

ginglymoarthroidal joint

121
Q

lower joint cavity of TMJ

A

minor movement (up to 15 degrees) accomplished by rotation (lat. pterygoid is not required)

122
Q

superior joint cavity of TMJ

A

movement of head onto articular tubercle- translation (lateral pterygoid required)

123
Q

intrinsic ligament that strengthens the joint capsule laterally and prevents posterior disarticulation

A

lateral ligament

124
Q

attachments of stylomandibular ligament

A

styloid process to angle of mandible

125
Q

attachments of sphenomandibular ligament

A

spine of sphenoid to area around lingula and bone posterior to mandibular foramen

126
Q

when does the sphenomandibular ligament become taught?

A

as the head of mandible moves out onto the articular tubercle

127
Q

1st part of maxillary A.

A

section passing between the neck of mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament

128
Q

2nd part of maxillary A.

A

lies on or deep to lateral pterygoid

129
Q

branches of 1st part of maxillary A.

A

deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal, inferior alveolar

130
Q

how does the anterior tympanic artery pass into the tympanic cavity?

A

petrotympanic fissure

131
Q

foramen for accessory meningeal artery

A

foramen ovale

132
Q

branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery

A

anterior and posterior deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric, buccal

133
Q

the pterygoid plexus of veins gather to form a short…

A

maxillary vein

134
Q

the motor root of V joins the sensory fibers of V3…

A

within or just inferior to foramen ovale

135
Q

through what does the tympanic nerve of IX re-enter the skull

A

tympanic canaliculus

136
Q

the lesser petrosal nerve enters the cranial cavity through what

A

hiatus of lesser petrosal nerve

137
Q

roof of tympanic cavity?

A

tegman tympani

138
Q

lesser petrosal nerve exits the skull through what?

A

foramen ovale

139
Q

what does the chorda tympani pass through to get to the tympanic cavity

A

petrotympanic fissure

140
Q

Branches of main trunk of V3

A

meningeal, medial pterygoid

141
Q

Branches of medial pterygoid nerve

A

tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

142
Q

Branches of anterior division of V3

A

anterior and posterior deep temporal, masseteric, buccal, lateral pterygoid

143
Q

the only sensory branch of ant. division of V3

A

buccal

144
Q

branches of posterior division of V3

A

auriculotemporal, lingual, inf alveolar

145
Q

what is deep to the main trunk of V3

A

otic ganglion

146
Q

only motor n. in posterior division of V3

A

n. to mylohyoid

147
Q

intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A

musculus uvulae

148
Q

2 superior palatine muscles

A

levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini

149
Q

2 inferior muscles

A

palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus

150
Q

All mm. of palate innervated by X except?

A

TVP (V3)

151
Q

origin of TVP

A

scaphoid fossa, fibrous part of auditory tube

152
Q

secondary function of TVP

A

popping of ears/opening of auditory tube

153
Q

insertion of TVP

A

palatine aponeurosis

154
Q

origin of LVP

A

petrous part of temporal bone anterior to carotid canal

155
Q

insertion of LVP

A

palatine aponeurosis

156
Q

Anterior ethmoidal n. V1 or V2?

A

V1

157
Q

Nasopalatine n. V1 or V2?

A

V2

158
Q

Posterior lateral nasal nn. are branches of?

A

palatine nn.

159
Q

Anterior ethmoidal artery: ophthalmic or maxillary a?

A

ophthalmic

160
Q

sphenopalatine artery: ophthalmic or maxillary a?

A

maxillary

161
Q

what anastomoses with sphenopalatine artery in hard palate

A

greater palatine artery

162
Q

From medial to lateral, foramina of posterior wall of PP fossa

A

pharyngeal canal, pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum

163
Q

branches of 3rd part of maxillary artery

A

sphenopalatine artery(terminal branch), infraorbital, descending palatine, PSA, A of pterygoid canal, A of pharyngeal canal

164
Q

3rd part of maxillary artery sends branches through every canal or foramen of pp fossa except…

A

foramen rotundum

165
Q

branches of infraorbital a.

A

MSA, ASA

166
Q

branches of descending palatine a.

A

greater and lesser palatine aa

167
Q

zygomatic n. V1 or V2

A

V2

168
Q

zygomatic a.: ophthalmic or maxillary

A

ophthalmic a.

169
Q

pathway of greater petrosal n. to pp ganglion

A

hiatus of greater petrosal n., middle cranial fossa, carotid canal, foramen lacerum, pterygoid canal

170
Q

what nn do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of pp ganglion travel on to get to lacrimal?

A

zygomatic (V2) and lacrimal (V1)

171
Q

roof of orbit

A

orbital part of frontal, lesser wing of sphenoid

172
Q

medial wall of orbit

A

ethmoid, frontal, lacrimal, sphenoid

173
Q

inferior wall of orbit

A

maxilla, zygoma, palatine

174
Q

lateral wall of orbit

A

zygoma, greater wing of sphenoid

175
Q

branches of nasociliary n

A

communication to ciliary ganglion, long ciliary, infratrochlear, ant and post ethmoidal

176
Q

What can the lacrimal artery anastomose with?

A

middle meningeal

177
Q

zygomatic artery is a branch of?

A

lacrimal artery

178
Q

origin of levator palpebrae superioris

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

179
Q

insertion of LPS

A

ant. surface of tarsal plate

180
Q

action of LPS

A

elevates upper lid

181
Q

nerve to LPS

A

superior of III

182
Q

common tendinous ring is the common origin of

A

sup., inf., med., lat. rectus

183
Q

sclera of eye is common insertion of

A

sup, inf, med, lat rectus

184
Q

action of sup. rectus

A

up and in, medial rotation

185
Q

nerve to sup. rectus

A

superior of III

186
Q

action of inf. rectus

A

down and in, lateral rotation

187
Q

nerve to inf. rectus

A

inferior of III

188
Q

action of med rectus

A

in

189
Q

nerve to med rectus

A

inferior of III

190
Q

action of lat. rectus

A

out

191
Q

nerve to lat rectus

A

VI

192
Q

origin of sup. oblique

A

body of sphenoid

193
Q

insertion of sup. oblique

A

lateral, posterior, upper quadrant

194
Q

action of sup. oblique

A

down and out, medial rotation

195
Q

nerve to sup. oblique

A

IV

196
Q

action of inf. oblique

A

up and out, lateral rotation

197
Q

origin of inf. oblique

A

medial floor of orbit; maxilla lateral to nasolacrimal groove

198
Q

insertion of inf oblique

A

lateral, posterior, lower quadrant

199
Q

nerve to inf oblique

A

inferior of III

200
Q

dilation of pupil

A

sympathetics

201
Q

constriction of pupil and accommodation of lens

A

parasympathetics

202
Q

compromised sympathetics to orbit region

A

horner’s syndrome

203
Q

miosis

A

constriction of pupil

204
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper lid (sup. tarsal)

205
Q

anhydrosis

A

loss of sweating

206
Q

enophthalmos

A

sinking of globe into orbit

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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