Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ECCC Block 2 > Block 2 Unit 4- Arterial Blood Gas > Flashcards

Block 2 Unit 4- Arterial Blood Gas Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ABG?

A

An ABG is a blood test that measures the acid-base balance (pH) and the levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from an artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Newborn and Infants (0‐12 months old) will have the same normal values as adults. T or F?

A

False, Newborn and Infants (0‐12 months old) will have different normal values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal value for pH?

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal value for PaO2?

A

80-100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal value for PaCO2?

A

35-45mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal value for HCO3?

A

22-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal value for BE?

A

-2 to +2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 body systems are responsible for controlling pH levels in the blood by regulating the acid-base balance?

A

respiratory and renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the respiratory system maintains normal blood pH levels?

A

The respiratory system maintains normal blood pH levels by the regulation of carbondioxide (CO2‐) through exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When CO2‐ levels increase in the body, what does the respiratory system do to combat it and how?

A

the respiratory system changes breathing rates. By increasing or decreasing the respiratory rate, the lungs can regulate changes in blood pH levels within minutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the renal system assists with regulation of acid‐base balance?

A

The system assists with regulation of acid‐base balance through the excretion of hydrogenions (H+) in the urine and the return of bicarbonate (HCO3‐) to the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Bicarbonate?

A

Bicarbonate is a base that acts as a buffer in the blood; CO2 and HCO3 work together to balance the pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long does it take the body to make bicarbonate?

A

It can take several hours or even days for the renal system to regulate changes in blood pH levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If a patient’s pH is less than 7.35, the patient is in?

A

Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If the patient’s pH is more than 7.45, the patient is in?

A

alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Changes in the PaCO2 level reflect what?

A

lung function.

If the CO2 is high or low this means that the problem comes from a respiratory issue. If the CO2 is normal, then the problem is metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the PaCO2 and pH are inversely related. T or F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the HCO3‐ is less than 22 mEq/L your patient
is in?

A

acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the HCO3‐ is greater than 26 mEq/L, then your patient is in?

A

alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does ROME stand for?

A

stands for…
Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic, Equal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the HCO3- is normal, the PaCO2 value will be trending in the “opposite” direction of the pH‐ this will represent?

A

either respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If the PaCO2 is normal, the HCO3- will be trending in the “equal” or same direction as the pH‐ this will represent?

A

either metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The SaO2 is an important indicator of oxygenation. It is a direct measurement of oxygen that is attached to?

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If the PaO2 is less than __mmHg, or the SaO2 is less than__%, the patient has hypoxia

A

80, 95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
the pH is not within or close to the normal ranges, this indicates?
a partial‐compensation
26
If the pH is back within normal ranges this indicates?
a full‐compensation
27
A non‐compensated or uncompensated abnormality usually represents what?
an acute change occurring in the body;
28
What is wrong with this patient?
They have Respiratory Acidosis
29
In respiratory acidosis, the patient will have what?
a below normal pH (acidosis) and high PCO2 (Retention by the lungs).
30
What are some of causes of respiratory acidosis?
• Hypoventilation • Respiratory infection • Severe airflow obstruction as in COPD or asthma • Neuromuscular disorders • Massive pulmonary edema • Pneumothorax • Central nervous depression • Spinal cord injury • Chest wall injury
31
During respiratory acidosis, what happens to the kidneys?
They will be drowsy and disoriented because kidneys don't work properly and cannot remove potassium from the body or if you take certain medicines. Which can cause lethal dysrythmias
32
What happens with Metabolic Acidosis?
In metabolic acidosis, the patient is unable to get rid of acid or conserve base. The pH and HCO3‐ will both be below normal and trending the same way.
33
What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?
Renal failure Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Lactic acidosis Sepsis Shock Diarrhea Drugs and toxins such as Ethylene glycol & Methanol
34
Metabolic acidosis causes hyperkalemia which results in what type of concentration that is elevated in relation to total body stores?
They will be hyperkalemia because, electroneutrality is maintained in part by the movement of intracellular potassium into the extracellular fluid. Thus, metabolic acidosis results in a plasma potassium concentration that is elevated in relation to total body stores.
35
Why will a patient have decreased LOC with metabolic acidosis?
They will have a change in level of consciousness (LOC) because the patient becomes dehydrated from the loss of fluid from the causes: DKA, diarrhea, or shock
36
Why will a patient have decreased BP with metabolic acidosis?
They will be hypotensive because there is decreased cardiac output, arterial dilatation with hypotension, altered oxygen delivery to name a few causes.
37
What happens during respiratory alkalosis?
the patient will lose CO2 from the lungs through hyperventilation with deep, rapid respirations. This will cause a high pH and a low PaCO2 in the patient.
38
What is wrong with this patient?
They have respiratory alkalosis
39
What’s wrong with this patient?
They have metabolic acidosis
40
What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis?
Causes of respiratory alkalosis include hyperventilation, pain, anxiety, early stages of pneumonia or pulmonary embolism (PE), hypoxia, brainstem injury, severe anemia, & excessive mechanical ventilation.
41
What is wrong with this patient?
They have metabolic alkalosis
42
What is metabolic alkalosis?
A decrease in acid or an increase in base will cause the metabolic alkalosis. This will cause a high pH and a high HCO3‐ in the patient.
43
What are some specific Sx of metabolic alkalosis?
This patient will be restless because of decreased LOC, dizziness and irritability This patient will be tachycardic because from dehydration from severe vomiting and diuretics
44
What are the Tx goals for Respiratory Acidosis?
improve ventilation through the use of bronchodilators, mechanical ventilation, administration of supplemental oxygen, suctioning
45
What are the Tx goals for Respiratory Alkalosis?
slowing the breathing rate, treating anxiety (may need an anxiolytic), pain relief, breathing into a paper bag allows a patient to re‐ breathe CO2. Mechanical ventilation correction should be done by a Provider or Respiratory Therapist
46
What are the Tx goals for Metabolic Acidosis?
treating diarrhea/vomiting with intravenous fluids or intravenous sodium bicarbonate, administer antibiotics for sepsis, and consider hemodialysis to reverse renal failure.
47
What are the Tx goals for Metabolic Alkalosis?
replacing electrolytes for imbalances and replace fluids to treat dehydration.
48
Lab values: pH 7.56 paCo2 20 HCO3 20
respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated
49
Lab values: pH 7.23 paCo2 37 HCO3 18
metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
50
Lab values: pH 7.31 paCo2 34 HCO3 21
metabolic acidosis, partially compensated
51
Lab values: pH 7.50 paCo2 32 HCO3 24
respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated
52
Lab values: pH 7.46 paCo2 36 HCO3 32
metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
53
Lab values: pH 7.52 paCo2 48 HCO3 28
metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
54
Lab values: pH 7.25 paCo2 60 HCO3 27
respiratory acidosis partially compensated
55
Lab values: pH 7.55 paCo2 47 HCO3 30
metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
56
Lab values: pH 7.20 paCo2 49 HCO3 25
respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
57
Lab values: pH 7.30 paCo2 36 HCO3 16
metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
58
Lab values: pH 7.41 paCo2 26 HCO3 17
respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated
59
Lab values: pH 7.39 paCo2 48 HCO3 28
respiratory acidosis, fully compensated
60
Lab values: pH 7.22 paCo2 49 HCO3 24
respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
61
Lab values: pH 7.37 paCo2 33 HCO3 17
metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
62
Lab values: pH 7.22 paCo2 49 HCO3 28
respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
63
Lab values: pH 7.42 paCo2 32 HCO3 18
respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated

ECCC Block 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions