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Cardio Block 2 > Block 2 Lab And Review > Flashcards

Block 2 Lab And Review Flashcards

1
Q

Acute arterial occlusion presents with what type of disease and includes what symptoms

A

Chronic ATH disease
ATH plaque on the aorta- could break
6 P’s
[Poik. And pulseless = PE findings]

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2
Q

1 emergent mgmt of Art Occlusive disease

A

CTANgio

Followed by intervention

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3
Q

What is a good intervention to use after CTA in Art Occlusive Dsiease ACUTELY

A

Interv. Rad- Non invasive

Percutaneous Thromboectomy - balloon tug out proximal

Percutaneous POBA

Amputation if fail to intervene within 10H

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4
Q

What is a good intervention to use after CTA in Art Occlusive Dsiease CHRONIC

A

Reverse underlying cause.

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5
Q

What are the potential origin possibilities for acute arterial occlusion

A

Aortic- Atherosclerotic thromboembolic

Cardiac - LA myxoma , LA A Fib Thrombus

Venus - Paradoxical DVT thromboembolic cardiac shunt

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6
Q

What condition would predispose you to LV thrombus

A

Large Anterior MI

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7
Q

Best TXM for large ant MI w LV thrombus

A

Apixaban

Blood Thinner

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8
Q

Inf Endo TXM is commonly

A

ABX for bacterial infection

> 1 cm = surgery

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9
Q

No causes of Chronic PAD, echo is normal valvular vegetation’s = normal , shunt = normal , what is the most common cause of Paradoxical DVT

A

ATH with venous origin

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10
Q

Best imaging study for DVT

A

Doppler U/S

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11
Q

Paradoxical DVT is

A

Thromboemboli that comes from a DVT
People with a shunt that have venous thrombi

“Breaking off from a cardiac origin”

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12
Q

PAD is similar to what type of disease

A

CAD

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13
Q

Where is most common for PAD plaque to end up

A

Popliteal arteries

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14
Q

What is the ABI finding in PAD

A

Less than 0.9

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15
Q

Ominous sxs of CHRONIC PAD

A

Localized muscle fatigue
Rest Pain = ABI less than 0.4
Paresthesia weak erectile dysfunction

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16
Q

What is the imaging study of choice to eval DVT

A

Doppler U/S

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17
Q

Chronic Sxs of PAD

A 
Diminished pulses 
Slow cap refill 
Hair Loss 
Hypertrophic nails 
Arterial bruits 
Pillow 
Wet vs Dry gangrene
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18
Q

Wet gangrene vs dry gangrene

A

Dry = black and rubs off

Wet = looks like a wound

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19
Q

What is the best way to map out intervention in PAD

A

Arterial duplex scanning

W/ invasive arteriography (peripheral)

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20
Q

Diagnosis of chronic PAD is made by

A

Sxs + Radiographic Evidence

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21
Q

Severe mgmt for PAD

ABI less than 0.4) (rest pain

A

Bypass graft surgery
POBA (plain old balloon angioplasty)
Percutaneous arterial stent

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22
Q

What method of intervention lasts longer

Prosthetic or Native

A

Native tissue

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23
Q

POBA can cause what with arterial sheering

A

Aortic Dissection

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24
Q

Most is the most common cause of PAD and TXM

A

ATH

Cilostazol
With an Aspirin = Anti-platelet therapy
With a Statin (HIS)

HIS
Atorvastatin 20-40 mg
Ruvustatin 40-80 mg

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25
Q

What do you give a patient if they have ASA allergy

A

Clopidogrel

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26
Q

What is a good physical exam assessment for Art occlusion

A

Routine 6 minute walk test
Vascular assess and
Skin assess

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27
Q

What is the concept of the 6 minute walk test

A

Assess symptoms for PAD
Assess claudication with low ABI

Standardized MET EQUIV.

Fail test , Doppler study req’d
Assess need for cilaztasol + ASA + HIS

can help with follow up to assess disease progression

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28
Q

Low ABI req. what management and treatment

A

Doppler U/S

TXM =
Cilostazol
With an Aspirin = Anti-platelet therapy
With a Statin (HIS)

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29
Q

What 2 disease processes can cause ATH and PAD most commonly

A

DM

CKD

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30
Q

Vasculitis is normally part of what?

A

A systemic condition

Whole BODY ATTACK

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31
Q

Temporal Arteriritis Sxs

And is associated with what disease

A

Jaw Claudication
Vision- Blindess
Headache
Elevated CRP and ESR

Assoc- w/ Polymalgia Rhuematica (PMR)

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32
Q

Temporal arteritis can have what? Due to what?

A

Whole body pain

Concurrent vasculitis

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33
Q

Takayasu does what

A 
Low fever/ weight loss / fatigue 
Limb claudication 
Cardiac angina 
Carotid pain 
Vertigo / syncope 
Elevated CRP and ESR

Impacts the aorta
Responds to high dose steroids

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34
Q

What treats vasculitis best

A

Steriods-prednisone

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35
Q

The temporal artery is what characteristic and what downrange

A

Hot / Inflamed
Then
Cold and causes the optic neuritis

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36
Q

What is the important lab finding in vasculitis

A

ESR and CRP elevated

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37
Q

Best study to eval vasculitis ( Takayasu and Temporal Arteritis )

A

MRAngio

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38
Q

Confirmatory test for Art occlusion PAD and Vasculitis

A

Invasive Angio

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39
Q

Best acute treatment of vasculitis

A

Prednisone!

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40
Q

Chronic treatment of vasculitis

A

Biological anti inflammatory to reverse underlying conditions

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41
Q

Most common type of aneurysm

A

AAA

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42
Q

CMD’s

A

Ehler danlers
Bicuspid Aorta
Marfans syndrome

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43
Q

End of result after ischemia and infarct

A

Aneurysm

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44
Q

Epidemiology risk factors for aortic anuerysm

A

Over 65 years old

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45
Q

Abd Aortic Anuerysm can show disease where

A

Kidneys
Ischemic bowel - Large Mesenteric Ischemia
Liver

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46
Q

AAA bu ASX you need to get what

A

CT of chest ABD pelvis with contrast

To survey the entire aorta

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47
Q

ABD aorta greater than what gets screened when and how often

A

Greater 3 cm

1 a year

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48
Q

Sxs of a AAA

A

Pulsitile abdominal mass

With PE Bruit

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49
Q

Indications for urgent aortic repair

A

AAA-EVAR

Any sxs

Greater than 5.5cm

Expanding .5 cm per year and greater 5 cm

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50
Q

Ascending Thoracic pain is where

A

Retrosternal chest pain

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51
Q

Proximal aorta ascending TAA is associated with what murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation - early diastolic best with expiration

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52
Q

Right sided vs left sided murmurs

A

Inspire and expire

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53
Q

Superior vena cava syndrome

A

Upper extremity edema

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54
Q

End organ ischemia affects what organs

A

Hands

Hair / Head neuro sxs (from hypoperfusion)

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55
Q

Large medistinum could make you concerned for what

A

Aortic Dissection

Aortic Aneurysm

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56
Q

Diagnosis of all anuerysm Stable =

A

Chest ABD Pelvis CTA

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57
Q

Unstable diagnosis for Ascend. Thoracic. AA

A

SBP less than 90

TEE req’d

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58
Q

What is the only thing that improve mortality in AAA

A

Smoking cessation

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59
Q

Aortic Repair for Ascending Aorta

A

Open SURGERY

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60
Q

What med do you give after dx of ascending aortic anuerysm and descending

A

Beta blocker + Statin + ACEI

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61
Q

What is the only anuerysm that presents with back pain, left sternal pain laryngeal nerve hoarseness

A

Descending TAA

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62
Q

What defines unstable for Desc. TAA

A

SBP less than 90

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63
Q

Surveliience imaging for anuerysm

A

Ascending. - @3.5cm = annual ; 3.5-4.5 = biannual ; aortic root invol ->echo
Descending - @4.0cm = annual ; @5.0cm = biannual ; aortic root invol ->echo
Abdominal - @3.0 annual screening

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64
Q

Proximal Type A has what kind of mortality rate

A

Better prognosis with surgery

Worse with medication mgmt

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65
Q

Most common type of dissection

A

Type A

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66
Q

Where can an aortic dissection occur

A

Medial Tear
Due to vascular pressure
Vaso Vasorum

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67
Q

CABG or PCI can cause what

A

Aortic Dissection

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68
Q

Proximal dissection presents with what type of pain

A

Sternal

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69
Q

What murmur is common in type a AD

A

Aortic regurge

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70
Q

What type of AD requires EMERGENT surgery

A

Aortic Dissection Type A

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71
Q

Type A AD can benefit from what med mgmt

A

Anti-impulse

Vasodilator therapy

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72
Q

Exam findings for type A AD

A

Unequal pulses

Ripping tearing pain

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73
Q

What med do you not give for ASX pulses

A

ASA

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74
Q

Sxs of Type B AD

A

Ripping scapular bac pain or abdominal pain

Hemothorax, hemoperitoenuem , Neuro deficits

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75
Q

What is the ASX pulse difference between Type a and Type B exam for AD

A

Variance between left arm and left leg is indicative of Type B

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76
Q

When do you surgically manage Type B AD

A

Limb ischemia

Kidney function worse

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77
Q

What is the intervention for Type B AD

A

Medical mgmt

EVAR

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78
Q

Primary treatment for Type B

A

Propranolol

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79
Q

What is the goal BPM during anti impulse therapy

A

Less than 60 BPM

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80
Q

Pericarditis 4 characteristics

A

Friction Rub
ECG changes
Pleuritic Chest pain
Effusion

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81
Q

Myopericarditis =

A

Pericarditis

+ Positive Troponin = Myocardial Injury

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82
Q

What are the most common among known viral causes of Pericarditis
And med cause

A

TB
Cocksackie

Doxorubicin -chemo med

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83
Q

Best medication mgmt for myopericarditis

A

ASA + Colchicine

ASA due to concurrent heart disease (don’t give other NSAID’s) wont help heart and prevent heart attack

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84
Q

CKD with uremia what would be the 1st txt of pericarditis

A

Hemodialysis

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85
Q

What treats only acute pericarditis

A

Ibuprofen or indomethacin (NSAIDS) x2weeks then +Colchicine (3months initial) and (6months recurrent)

use ASA if post MI use high dose steroids if Preg Or CKD

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86
Q

Telemetry is = to

A

Continuous heart monitoring

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87
Q

What is the best way to ID Hemodynamic stability

A

Vital signs

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88
Q

Hx of bleeding issues or prior would require what kind of mgmt

A

ICU

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89
Q

Recommended physical activity for myopericarditis TXM

A

After 6 months no sxs with normal CRP

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90
Q

Physical activity mgmt for pericarditis non athlete

A

No sxs with normal CRP

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91
Q

Athlete (Military soldier) pericarditis physical activity return

A

3 months No sxs with normal CRP

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92
Q

If sxs do not improve after ASA (2 weeks) therapy what is the best mgmt

A

ASA taper is recommended

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93
Q

Cardiac Tamponade evidence

A

Obstructive shock sxs

—-

Repeat echo

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94
Q

Kussmauls sign req what ddx

A

Constrictive pericarditis
Or
Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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95
Q

What is a sxs of cardiac Tamponade and how can it present

A

Ripping anterior chest pain
W/ bicuspid aortic valve
Electrical alternans on ECG

96
Q

Dissection can lead to what?

A

Active bleed which can cause Cardiac Tamponade

97
Q

Cardiac Tamponade classic sxs presentation

A

Becks triad
JV/Hypotension
Distant heart sounds
Ewart sign

Possible = pulses paradoxes

98
Q

When do you give ASA

A

Myocardial involvement

99
Q

Pericardiocentesis can do what for dissection

A

Make it worse because you relieve the pressure around the bleed

100
Q

What would be seen on a cardiac Tamponade echo

A

Pericardial effusion

Diastolic collapse of all 4 cardiac chambers

101
Q

Cardiac Tamponade needs what type of admit

A

ICU

102
Q

Constrictive pericarditis sxs presentation

A

Kussmals sign
Pericardial knock
Chest pain that radiates to back on inspiration
Hepatomegaly

103
Q

Sxs resolve for constrictive pericarditis

A

Pericaridiocentesis

104
Q

What wave is present with constrictive pericarditis

A

V wave, persistent with right atrial pressure

105
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy has what type of fibrosis

A

Myocardial

constrictive pericarditis = pericardial fibrosis

106
Q

New exertional dyspnea with chest pain relived by nitro

STE gets what txm?

A

Goal : Gets cath lab in 90 min

107
Q

What SBP below makes you want to stop giving nitro

A

90-100

108
Q

ECG LEADS

A

Know the locations and blood supply

109
Q

How often should you repeat ECGS vs Troponin

A

15 mins

Hourly

110
Q

Elevated V2 more than the other leads is indicative of what

A

Scarbossa validated MI

Do what?

repeat in 15-30 mins

111
Q

Wellenoid ekg findings

A

Are indicative of early MI

112
Q

New LBBB that meets scarbosa criteria should get what

A

Cath Lab activated

113
Q

Low heart rate means the pt may not need what three things

A

Morphine
Nitro
Too many fluids

114
Q

What types of disease have chest pain relieved with rest

A

Wellens syndrome
Right vent infarct
Could be Left main disease

115
Q

What ecg finding is indicative of right vent. Heart failure

A

23AVF

With 3 being the largest

116
Q

AVR elevation only with global depression =

A

Left main coronary artery disease

117
Q

Risk factors for heart score

A

List ‘em

118
Q

How does phlegmasia alba dolens present?

A

Pale
Pain
With different red marks due to sup. Vein still draining
+ WITH A PULSE

119
Q

How does phelgmasia cerulean dolens present

A

Red all over
DrEP - dependent rubor
- NEG / NO PULSE

120
Q

If pt is not high risk for ASCVD event and you have already used adjunct with ezetimibe (above 70mg/dL LDL) what do you do

A

Optimize diet and lifestyle

121
Q

Acute arterial occlusion sources (3)

A

Aortic
Cardiac
Venous

122
Q

6 P’s of compartment syndrome

A 
Pain 
Pale 
Pallor 
Paresthesias 
Pulselessness 
Poikilothermic
123
Q

What is the #1 study to eval Acute Art Occlusion

A

CTA

Then -> Thromboectomy

124
Q

Wha two conditions, when present with acute arterial occlusion, can be treated with a blood thinner

A

A-Fib

L thrombo emboli

125
Q

What type of sxs are present with PAD

A 
ATH sxs 
Claudication 
Rest pain
Unstable angina 
Dry to Wet gangrene
126
Q

What is the #1 study to eval PAD

A

Art Duplex

Then, Inv. Angio—>Bypass Graft / Stent
ABI

127
Q

What is the best treatment for an ABI less than 0.9

A

Cilostazol + Statin + ASA

128
Q

Two types of vasculitis discussed and the best TXM

A

Takayasu
Temp Arteritis

Steroids = prednisone

129
Q

Acute pericarditis sxs and presentation

A

Sharp pleuritic pain
Friction Rub
Kussmaul breathing

130
Q

4 most common causes of pericarditis

A

Post viral = #1 (coxsackie b)
TB
Lymph
Uremia

131
Q

Best treatment for viral pericarditis

A

NSAIDs + Colchicine

132
Q

Best TXM for Pregnant pericarditis

A

Prednisone

133
Q

Best TXM for uremic pericarditis

A

Hemodialysis

134
Q

What does myopericarditis have on echo findings and how is it different from pericarditis

A

Echo = global hypokinesis

+ Troponins = myo damage

135
Q

Modified wells criteria greater than 4 gets what type of study (if pt has a lung condition)

A

CTA

136
Q

A MWC of less than 3 and a D-Dimer of what value is good to discharge the patient?

A

500

137
Q

Myopericarditis and vascular disease has what main TXM protocol

A

ASA

138
Q

HFrEF pt that is young and has exacerbated all meds gets what type of treatment?

A

LVAD

Set up for heart transplant

139
Q

Older terminal cancer pt has HFrEF, best treatment?

A

Palliative ; laxatives ; pain mgmt

140
Q

How does Cardiac Tamponade present

A

Becks triad
Ewarts sign
Kussmaul breathing

ECG :Electrical Alternans

pressures will normalize

141
Q

Best TXM for cardiac Tamponade

A

Drain until fluid is less than 25 ml a day

142
Q

Constrictive pericarditis sxs and presentation

A

Rt Sided HF signs
Acute pericarditis chest pain
Friction KNOCK
Kussmauls

143
Q

What is different about constrictive pericarditis

A

Pericardiocentesis fails to drop RA pressure below 10 mmHg

While Tamponade centesis will drop the RA pressure below 10mmHg

144
Q

TXM for constrictive pericarditis

A

1st - DRAIN

2nd - pericardiectomy

145
Q

Ascending TAA has what type of chest pain

A

Anterior

146
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is seen best on what study

A

MRA

147
Q

Descending TAA has chest pain where

A

Scapula and

Back Pain

148
Q

Type A dissection is where?

A

Proximal

149
Q

Type B dissection is where

A

Distal

150
Q

Type A dissection presents with what

A

Aortic Regurge
Unequal pulses b/w right arm and left arm
Anterior chest pain

151
Q

Presentation of type b dissection

A

Back or abdominal pain
Arms and legs diffferent pressures
W/ Ischemia :
pallor, kidneys issues, lactate HIGH, abd pain after eating

152
Q

Mgmt and TXM of type B dissection

A

Propanolol

TXM = URGENT EVAR

153
Q

Hx of stable angina w/ AS has what effect on oxygen , due to what?

A

Demand increase

Increases wall stress and resistance

154
Q

Hx of stable angina w Aortic Regurge has what effect on oxygen, due to what?

A

Increased demand

Increased wall stress and radius

155
Q

What are our anti anginal drugs

A 
BB 
ACEI 
NTG  prn 
CCB 
Ranolizine
156
Q

Oxygen demand is controlled by what 3 things

A

Wall stress
Heart rate
Contractility

157
Q

Oxygen supply is controlled by what 3 things

A

Resistance
Hemoglobin concentration
Coronary perfusion

158
Q

Stunned vs Hibernating myocardium

A

Stunned = blood flow low with no fxn

Hybernating = chronic stable angina overusing NTG

159
Q

How can hibernating heart be definitively treated

A

Revascularization

160
Q

An NSTEMI with chest pain is caused by what?

A

Mismatch

Perfusion vs viability

161
Q

Irreversible necrotic disease presents how on PET scan?

A

Perfusion match

162
Q

Best way to treat irreversible necrotic disease

A

Max medical management

163
Q

2 treatment protocols for after unstable angina / NSTEMI / and STEMI

A

DAPT ( ASA and Clopidogrel )

And Anticoag therapy (UFH or Enoxparin)

164
Q

Providers continue to increase BB to treat angina unless the Bp = what?

A

Less than 60 Bpm

165
Q

2nd and 3rd line medical TXM of angina

A

CCB

Ranolazine

166
Q

Systolic Bp less than 90 is indicative of what?

A

Cardiogenic Shock
HIGH RISK
Inv Angio in 2 hours

167
Q

ECG findings of LM dz and management

A

Global STD’s w STE’s in AVR

12 hr CABG mgmt

168
Q

Patient presents with welllens criteria ECG but no chest pain best management?

A

Inv Angio

12 hours

169
Q

Prinzmetals acute TXM vs chronic TXM

A

Acute = Nitro

Chronic = Amlodipine
Dilitiazem (CCB’s)

170
Q

Accepted BB for coronary artery disease management

A

Metoprolol
Bisporolol
Carvedilol

171
Q

Heart score greater than 3 gets what medical management?

A

ASA , Ticagrelor , UFH or LMWH (Enoxaparin)

Then BB within first 24 hours

172
Q

Type B dissection treatment =

A

Bp control

173
Q

Esophagitis chest pain differential and TXM

A

PIECE
P. ill I. nfxn E. osinophilic C. austic E. verthing else

Treat cause + PPI

174
Q

Hyperthyroid sxs and txm

A 
Tachycardia 
Palpitations 
Dyspnea 
Chest pain 
Systolic arterial HTN

B1 Selective B blocker

175
Q

Warm and Dry TXM

A

Outpatient

Diuretics

176
Q

Warm and wet txm

A

Inpatient

Diuretics

177
Q

Cold and dry txm

A

ICU Inotropes

178
Q

Cold and wet txm

A

ICU Diuertics
Inotropes
Vasodilators

179
Q

Most common arteries affected by ATH (4)

A

Abd Aorta
Coronary
Popliteal
Carotid

180
Q

Clinical finding associated 100% with ATH

A

Xanthomas

181
Q

High risk conditions in secondary prevention

A 
Age (over 65yrs old) 
Familial hypercholesterolemia 
Hx of CABG or PCI (outside of a major ASCVD event) 
DM 
HTN 
CKD 
Smoker
LDL over 100 despite max statin therapy and ezetimibe 
Hx of CHF
182
Q

Major ASCVD events

A

Recent ACS
Hx of MI
Hx of ischemic stroke
Sxs PAD = claudication or prev revanchist/amputation

183
Q

Very high risk goal of txm for secondary prevention

A

Reduce LDL to less than 70

184
Q

Not very high risk goal of secondary prevention

A

Goal is a 50% decrease in LDL

185
Q

Risk enhancing factors for primary prevention of ASCVD

A

Fam Hx of ASVD
[Males over 55, Females over 65]
[ApoB over 130]

Metabolic syndrome

Chronic inflamm disorder [HIV/RA/psoriasis/Lupus/HIV/ART]

CKD

LDL over 160

South Asian

Trig. Over 175

ABI less than 0.9 when DIABETIC

186
Q

Considerations for primary prevention

A

Diabetes

cholesterol level

Age [Males over 45/ Females over 55]

187
Q

5 factors for Metabolic Syndrome

A

Waist circumference

Trig.

HDL

Bp

Fasting Glucose

188
Q

Waist circumference of what is concern for Met.Syndrome.

A

Men over 40 inches

Women over 35 inches

189
Q

Trig. Over what is concern for Met.Synd.

A

175 mg/dL

190
Q

HDL for men and women of what is concern for Met.Syndome

A

Men = under 40

Women = under 50

191
Q

Bp of what is concern for met. Syndrome.

A

Over 130/85 or Bp MEDS

192
Q

Fasting glucose over what = met. syndrome.

A

100

193
Q

Age over 75 with a CAC of 0 can do what?

A

Have no stating therapy

194
Q

Age 20 - 39 with lifetime risk fam Hx of premature ASCVD or LDL over 160

A

MIS

195
Q

Age 40-75 yrs old with LDL 70 to 190 WITH NO DM and risk less 5% ;;; 5%-7.5% ;;; 7.5%-20% ;;; 20%

A

Less 5% = no statin

5%-7.5% = MIS

7.5% - 20% = MIS ; goal = 30% reduction

20% = HIS ; goal l= 50% reduction

196
Q

LDL over 190 gets what primary prevention

A

HIS

197
Q

DM LDL 70-190 gets what primary prevention

A

MIS.

198
Q

DM LDL 70-190 with 2 risk enhancers gets what therapy

A

HIS ; goal = 50% reduction in LDL

199
Q

High Int Statin meds

A

Atorvastatin 40-80

Ross a statin 20 -40

200
Q

Mod intensity Statin meds

A

Atorvastatin 10 -20
Rosuvastatin 5-10

Simvastatin 20-40
Pravastatin 40-80

201
Q

Monitoring parameters for stain therapy

A

Baseline
FASTING LIPID/ HEPATIC FXN/ CREATINE KINASE

4 AND 12 WEEK FOLLOW UP
EVERY 12 MONTHS

202
Q

Statin therapy has increased risk of what two things

A

Myopathy

Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

203
Q

MOA of statin

A

HMG COA Reductase INHB

204
Q

Statins have a drug interaction with what drink

A

Grapefruit juice

Red yeast rice

205
Q

High risk conditions that need 2 hour Inv Angio

A

Hemodynamic ally unstable

Left ventricle dysfunction
New or worse MR

New VSD
Vtach
Ventricular arrhythmias

206
Q

LV ejection fraction less than 50% gets what

A

CABG

207
Q

PCI due to ACS gets what follow up txm after DES

A

12 months ASA Clopidogrel or ticagrecalor or prasugrel

208
Q

Stable Isch. Heart dz gets what follow up txm if used a Drug eluding stent

A

6 months ASA plus Clopidogrel

209
Q

Stable isch. Heart dz gets what follow up txm after BMS

A

1 moth of ASA plus Clopidogrel

210
Q

Lateral leads and blood supply

A

1 , AVL, V5 , V6

LCx Diag LAD

211
Q

Inferior leads and blood supply

A

2,3,AVF

RCA and or LCx

212
Q

Anterior septal leads and blood supply

A

V1,V2,V4,V4

LAD

213
Q

If HIT occurs use what?

A

Bivalirudin

214
Q

An obstruction of lymph drainage results in what and what is the associated finding

A

Lymphedema

Non pitting edema

215
Q

Primary lymphedema is associated with ?

A

Hereditary congenital lymphedema

216
Q

What is the most common cause worldwide of secondary lymphedema

A

Filariasis

217
Q

What are other causes of secondary lymphedema

A

Post op -mastectomy

Radiation surgery lymph node removal

218
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the US

A

Radiation surgery axillary or groin lymph node removal

219
Q

What is the murmur of AR

A

Early diastolic decrescendo crescendo murmur heard best at Erbs point while sitting up and leaning forward

220
Q

What is a left atrial myxoma murmur

A

Diastolic murmur of an valve obstruction

Heard best at mitral point with patient sitting up and leaning forward

221
Q

Mitral stenosis murmur

A

A pre-systolic rumble heard best at the mitral valve positing laying LLDC

222
Q

What are the holosystolic murmurs

A

Mitral regurge
Tricuspid regurge
VSD

223
Q

What is a VSD murmur

A

Handgrip increases the strength of the murmur
Heard at the LSB through systole
L to R shunt

224
Q

LBBB ECG

A

V1 = deep down wave

V6 = deep up wave , with notching
lead 1 can also have notching

225
Q

What supplies the right coronary artery

A

PDA

226
Q

LAD supplies what

A 
Anterior wall 
Anterior 2/3 IVS 
Anterior Lateral Papillary Muscle 
Left and Right BB
MV valve
227
Q

LCx supplies?

A

Left Atrium

Left ventricular lateral wall

228
Q

RCA supplies?

A 
SA node 
AV node 
Right Ventricle 
Right Atrium 
Left Ventricle 
T/P Valves 
Inferior / Posterior Wall 
Medial Papillary muscle
229
Q

PDA supplies?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the IVS

230
Q

If a valve infarcts

A

Rupture and regurgitation results

231
Q

If the Inv septum infarcts

A

VSD with murmur results

232
Q

If anterior or lateral wall infarcts

A

Free wall rupture

Tamponade results

233
Q

If RB infarct what happens

A

RV failure

Preload dependent and [would decomp with NITRO]

234
Q

Inf INF STEMI

A

Possible junction Al rhythm or AV block results

235
Q

If ANT SEPTAL STEMI

A

Possible LBBB or RBBB

Cardio Block 2 (1 decks)

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