Block 2 Genetics Flashcards
what are the two sections of typical gene
the promoter and the coding region
what is recombinant DNA
genes from two different organisms combined in vitro in the same molecule
what does the promoter of a gene control
transcription of mRNA
where do transcription factors bind
the promoter
what is biotechnology
the manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products
what is genetic engineering
the in vitro alteration or recombination of genetic material and the reintroduction of the altered genetic material into a living organism
what is the key difference between genetic engineering and other forms of biotechnology
genetic engineering manipulates DNA in vitro
what is in vitro
combination of DNA outside of living organism
what are some limitations of selective breeding
can only breed with genes from related species, no control of gene expression
what is the host when cloning a single gene
bacteria
where does the gene of interest get inserted into during cloning
the bacterial plasmid
what is a recombinant plasmid
a plasmid with the DNA of another organism inserted into it
what is a restriction enzyme
cuts DNA at specific sequences, at the restriction site
what is an endonuclease
a restriction enzyme
how do restriction enzymes cleave the restriction site?
the sugar phosphate gets cleaved in a staggered way
what is the staggered cut of a DNA backbone called
sticky ends
what does a palindromic sequence of bases identify?
a restriction site
what is a restriction enzyme that cuts straight down the middle called
a blunt end cutter
what enzyme is used to stick DNA back together
DNA ligase
what bonds to DNA ligase form between bases
hydrogen bonds
what is a cloning vector
a DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA
what is a plasmid
a circular piece of DNA which can replicate inside a bacterial host cell
what is the commonly used host bacteria
E coli
what gene is not functional when a foreign gene is inserted
the lac z gene
