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Block 2 Arm Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What are the contents of radial groove?

A

Radial nerve, deep brachial artery, deep brachial vein

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2
Q

Fractures of the distal part of the humerus leads to ______ nerve damage

A

Median

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3
Q

Posterior, Medial epicondyle fractures lead to _____ nerve injury

A

Ulnar

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4
Q

Where is the radiohumeral joint located?

A

Fovea capitis where the radius articulates with the humerus

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5
Q

The articulation of the of the radius and radial notch allows for… also ulnar notch…

A

Supination and pronation

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6
Q

What joint is the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint

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7
Q

Falling on the arm with the wrist extended results in

A

Colle’s fracture. Distal end of the radius with posterior dislocation

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8
Q

Xrays given to look at the wrist

A

Antro-posterior or postero-anterior

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9
Q

What is dinner fork fracture?

A

When the wrist becomes slightly elevated due to fracture

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10
Q

What allows for supination between the radius and ulna?

A

interosseus membrane and radioulnar joints

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11
Q

What are the 3 joints between the radius and ulna?

A 
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
Interosseus membrane (continuous joint)
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12
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the wrist?

A

Scaphoid

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13
Q

What is the most dislocated wrist bone?

A

Lunate and can damage median nerve

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14
Q

What makes up the carpal groove? What does it form?

A

The carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

Forms carpal tunnel

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15
Q

What tendons of the muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor polices longus

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16
Q

Where is median nerve found?

A

Between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

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17
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve or lack of blood supply.

Happens to people with hypothyroid, rheumatoid, pregnancy, or amyloidosis

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18
Q

What nerve roots make sup the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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19
Q

What muscles abducts the arm?

A

The deltoid muscle through the axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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20
Q

What muscle elevates the arm over 90°?

A

Surratus anterior innervated by long thoracic nerve

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21
Q

What can cause winged scapula?

A

Damage to the serratus anterior or rhomboid muscles
Damage to the long thoracic nerve
Radical mastectomy
Biopsy

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22
Q

_____ nerve leads to the diaphragm from C3 C4 C5

A

Phrenic

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23
Q

The scalene triangle is made up of the scalene muscles and contain…

A

The brachial plexus and subclavian artery

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24
Q

Where does phrenic nerve run?

A

Anterior aspect of the of anterior scalene

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25
What is the thickest nerve?
Median nerve
26
What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?
Superior thoracic, thorocoacromial, lateral thoracic, sibscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral.
27
What veins drain into the axillary vein?
Basilic and cephalic
28
What are the contents and borders of the axillary space?
Contents: Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex humeral aftery ``` Borders: Teres minor Teres major Humerus Long head of triceps brahcii ```
29
What are the contents of the triangular space?
Scapular circumflex artery
30
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and suprascapilaris.
31
What can cause injury to the rotator cuff?
Calcification, tendon rupture please and avulsion
32
What is the strong medial rotator of the arm?
Subscapularis muscle
33
Within the deltopectoal circus is the
Cephalic vein
34
What is apenurosis?
Fascia covering the muscles
35
What muscles make up the caracoid process?
Shorthead of the biceps brachii, coracoid brachialis, pectoralis minor
36
What is the function and innervation of the pectoralis major?
Adducts the arm and medially rotates it. | Inner: medial pectoral nerve
37
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve
38
What muscle adducts the arm and flexes the shoulder joint?
Corcacobrachialis
39
The chief protractor of the arm is the
Deltoid muscle
40
If the patient has winged scapula but can elevate the arm...
The long thoracic nerve and serrated muscle are okay.
41
What muscle is used for catherization of the subscapular vein?
Subclavious muscle
42
Anterior arm is ______ | Posterior arm is _____
Flexion | Extension
43
Coracobrachialis and the brachialis muscles are innervated by
The musculocutaneous nerve
44
Supination of the forearm
Biceps muscle
45
Flexor of the elbow
Brachialis muscle
46
Biceps jerk and triceps jerk check which nerve roots?
Biceps: C5-C6 Triceps: C7-C8
47
What is Erb-Duchenne paralysis
From C5-C6 Traction of the arm at birth or falling on the shoulder may damage the upper part of the brachial plexus. Signs: deltoid and sipraspinatus are paralyzed (no abduction) Medial rotation of the arm No elbow flexion Cannot be treated
48
What is Klumpke’s paralysis?
C8-T1 Forced abduction of the shoulder Leads to claw hand and Horner’s syndrome (droopy eyes)
49
All muscles on the anterior aspect of the arm ware innervated by
Musculocutaneous nerve
50
All muscles on the anterior aspect of the forearm are innervated by _____ except flexor carpis ulnaris and 2 tendons on the ulnar side that are innervated by ______
Median nerve | Ulnar nerve
51
Injury to ___ nerve leads to papal benediction sign and ape hand
Median nerve
52
Large muscle by the thumb
Thnaer eminence
53
Large muscle by the pinky
Hypothnaer eminence
54
In Papal benediction the ____ are dominant
Flexors
55
Thnaer eminence is innervated by _____. Damage leads to
Median nerve | Atrophy becoming flat resulting in ape hand
56
If an injury is distal it results in...? Proximal?
Distal: ape hand Proximal: Papal benediction and ape hand
57
Other common head of the flexors comes from the
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
58
The common head of the extensors are from
The lateral condyle of the humerus
59
What is golfers elbow or tennis elbow?
Periostis where the muscles raise the periosteum
60
Palmar aponeurosis helps with
Flexion of the hand
61
What is Dupuytren’s contracture?
Progressive fibrosis of the apenurosis leads to partial flexion of the ring and small finger
62
Greatest supinator of the forearm?
Biceps brachii
63
Where does the median nerve lie?
Between the two heads of the pronation teres
64
What is pronator syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve
65
What muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor polices longus
66
Extensor muscles innervated by
Radial nerve
67
Radial nerve as it pass through the radial groove divides into
Deep radial nerve and superficial nerve
68
Superficial radial nerve innervates...? Deep radial nerve innervates?
Skin | Posterior forearm muscles
69
Beer drinking muscle acts as flexor of the elbow
Brachioradialis
70
What is the anatomical snuff box? Contents?
On dorsum of the hand | Contains radial nerve, radial artery, cephalic vein
71
What makes up the thnaer muscles?
Abductor policis breves | Flexor policis breves
72
What nerve innervates the hand muscles
Ulnar nerve
73
What muscles are abductors of the fingers? Adductors?
Abd: Dorsal interosseous muscles Add: Palmar interosseous muscles
74
Ulnar nerve injury leads to
Claw hand
75
Radial nerve injury leads to
Wrist drop. | If proximal flexion of elbow compromised also
76
What is Saturday night palsy and honeymoon palsy?
Compression of radial nerve
77
Missing PNP22 gene results in
People being more prone to injury and heredity neuropathies liability to pressure palsy (HNPP)
78
Percent of innervation of the hand
70-30 | 1 finger 4 nerves
79
1-7 nerves of the anterior fingers are innervated by? 8-10?
Median nerve Ulnar nerve
80
1-7 of the posterior fingers are innervated by? 8-10?
Radial nerve | Ulnar nerve
81
Fingertips are innervated by
Median nerve
82
Arterial blood pressure is measured by
Sphygomometer
83
Blood supply of the upper limb
Subclavian artery passes under the clavicle turning into the axillary artery Axillary passes the latissimus dorsi becoming brachial artery
84
The deep brachial artery runs along side the
Radial nerve
85
Why are collateral artery important?
They transfer blood during lacerations. If they become blocked the muscle dies leading to atrophy causing volkmanns ischemic contracture
86
Which artery is used to check the pulse
Radial
87
What percent of lymphatics drain into the axillary region
75%
88
What is lymphangitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
89
Which vein is used for blood work?
Medial cubital
90
What is guyons canal
Where the ulnar nerve, artery, and vein pass’s they retriaculum

Anatomy (7 decks)

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