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102 aviit > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Weight

A

Gravity is the pulling force that tends to draw all bodies to the center of the earth.

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2
Q

Lift

A

A component of the total aerodynamic force on an airfoil and acts perpendicular to the relative wind.

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3
Q

Thrust

A

The force which imparts a change in the velocity of a
mass. This force is measured in pounds but has no element of time or rate. The term “thrust required” is generally associated with jet engines. A forward force which propels the airplane through the air.

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4
Q

Drag

A

The net aerodynamic force parallel to the relative

wind, usually the sum of two components: induced drag and parasite drag.

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5
Q

Parasite Drag

A

Drag caused by the friction of air moving

over the aircraft structure; its amount varies directly with the airspeed.

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6
Q

Parasite drag is comprised of 3 types of drag. What are they?

A

Form Drag

Inference Drag

Skin Friction Drag

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7
Q

Form Drag

A

The drag created because of the shape of a

component or the aircraft.

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8
Q

Interference Drag

A

Drag generated by the collision of

airstreams creating eddy currents, turbulence, or restrictions to smooth flow.

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9
Q

Skin Friction Drag

A

Drag generated between air molecules

and the solid surface of the aircraft.

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10
Q

What are the Forces of Flight

A

Weight

Lift

Thrust

Drag

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11
Q

Induced Drag

A

Drag caused by the same factors that produce
lift; its amount varies inversely with airspeed. As airspeed decreases, the angle of attack must increase, in turn increasing induced drag.

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12
Q

Force Vector

A

Force Vector (ASK PROF.)

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13
Q

Wingtip Vortices

A

The rapidly rotating air that spills over an
airplane’s wings during flight. The intensity of the turbulence depends on the airplane’s weight, speed, and configuration. Also referred to as wake turbulence. Vortices from heavy aircraft may be extremely hazardous to small aircraft.

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14
Q

How are Wingtip Vortices Created ?

A

The pressure above the wing is less than atmospheric pressure and the pressure below the wing is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure. Since air always moves from high pressure toward low pressure, and the path of least resistance is toward the airfoil’s tips, there is a spanwise movement of air from the bottom of the airfoil outward from the fuselage around the tips. This flow of air results in “spillage” over the tips, Thereby setting up a whirlpool of air called a vortex.

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15
Q

Wake Turbulence

A

Wingtip vortices that are created when
an airplane generates lift. When an airplane generates lift,air spills over the wingtips from the high pressure areas below the wings to the low pressure areas above them. This flow causes rapidly rotating whirlpools of air called wingtip vortices or wake turbulence.

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16
Q

How do you avoid Wake turbulence

A

To minimize the chances of flying through
an aircraft’s wake turbulence:

• Avoid flying through another aircraft’s flight path.

• Rotate prior to the point at which the preceding
aircraft rotated when taking off behind another aircraft.

• Avoid following another aircraft on a similar flight
path at an altitude within 1,000 feet.

• Approach the runway above a preceding aircraft’s
path when landing behind another aircraft and touch
down after the point at which the other aircraft wheels
contacted the runway.

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17
Q

What is Ground Effect?

A

The condition of slightly increased air pressure
below an airplane wing that increases
the amount of lift produced. It exists within approximately one wing span or one rotor diameter from the ground. It results from a reduction in upwash, downwash, and wingtip vortices, and provides a corresponding decrease in induced drag.

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18
Q

With Ground Effect, what are the principal effects due to the proximity of the ground?

A

As the wing encounters ground effect and is maintained at a constant AOA, there is consequent reduction in the upwash, downwash, and wingtip vortices.

19
Q

How does Ground Effect affect Lift?

A

ASK

20
Q

How does Ground Effect affect Thrust

A

Ask

21
Q

How does Ground Effect affect Induced Drag

A

Ask

22
Q

How does Ground Effect affect Stability

A

Ask

23
Q

How does Ground Effect affect Angle of Attack

A

Ask

24
Q

What are Axes of the Aircraft?

A

Three imaginary lines that pass through
an aircraft’s center of gravity.

The axes can be considered as imaginary axles around which the aircraft rotates.

The three axes pass through the center of gravity at 90° angles to each other.

The axis from nose to tail is the longitudinal axis (pitch), the axis that passes from wingtip to wingtip is the lateral axis (roll), and the axis that passes vertically through the center of gravity is the vertical axis (yaw).

25
Q

Longitudinal Axis controls?

A

Pitch(elevator)

26
Q

Lateral Axis controls?

A

Roll(Aileron)

27
Q

Vertical Axis Controls?

A

Yaw(Rudder)

28
Q

Moment

A

The product of the weight of an item multiplied
by its arm. Moments are expressed in pound-inches (lb-in). Total moment is the weight of the airplane multiplied by the distance between the datum and the CG.

29
Q

Moment Arm

A

The distance from a datum to the applied force.

30
Q

Stability

A

The inherent quality of an airplane to correct for
conditions that may disturb its equilibrium, and to return
or to continue on the original flight path.

It is primarily an airplane design characteristic.

31
Q

Static longitudinal stability

A

The aerodynamic pitching moments required to return the aircraft to the equilibrium angle of attack.

32
Q

Static Stability

A

The initial tendency an aircraft displays when disturbed from a state of equilibrium.

33
Q

Dynamic stability

A

The property of an aircraft that causes
it, when disturbed from straight-and-level flight, to develop forces or moments that restore the original condition of straight and level.

34
Q

Positive static stability

A

the initial tendency of the aircraft to return to the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed.

35
Q

Neutral static stability

A

the initial tendency of the aircraft to remain in a new condition after its equilibrium has been disturbed.

36
Q

Negative static stability

A

the initial tendency of the aircraft to continue away from the original state of equilibrium after being disturbed.

37
Q

Positive dynamic stability

A

the motion of the displaced object decreases in amplitude and, because it is positive, the object displaced returns toward the equilibrium state.

38
Q

Neutral dynamic stability

A

the displaced object neither decreases nor increases in amplitude. A worn automobile shock absorber exhibits this tendency.

39
Q

Negative dynamic stability

A

the motion of the displaced object increases and becomes more divergent.

40
Q

Longitudinal stability (pitching)

A

Stability about the lateral axis. A desirable characteristic of an airplane whereby it tends to return to its trimmed angle of attack after displacement.

41
Q

Lateral stability (rolling)

A

The stability about the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. Rolling stability or the ability of an airplane to return to level flight due to a disturbance that causes one of the wings to drop.

42
Q

Dihedral

A

The positive acute angle between the lateral
axis of an airplane and a line through the center of a wing or horizontal stabilizer. Dihedral contributes to the lateral stability of an airplane.

43
Q

Sweepback CHANGE IF needed

A

A sweptback wing is one in which the leading edge slopes backward. [Figure 5-30] When a disturbance causes an
aircraft with sweepback to slip or drop a wing, the low
wing presents its leading edge at an angle that is more
perpendicular to the relative airflow. As a result, the low
wing acquires more lift, rises, and the aircraft is restored to
its original flight attitude.

102 aviit (2 decks)

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