Block 2

Question 1

What initiates the development of the lymph nodes?

Answer 1

The LEC(Lymphatic Endothelial Cells) leak out of the blood vessels.

Question 2

Nodules are formed when the LEC’s aggregate and form ________ with mesenchyme.

Answer 2

Lymph sacs

Question 3

Nodes are formed when the nodules become surrounded by _____.

Answer 3

sinuses

Question 4

What are the two types of lymphocytes that reside in the node?

Answer 4

B and T

Question 5

Lymphatic cells migrate to node from which 3 areas?

Answer 5

mesenchyme, thymus, and Marrow

Question 6

The lymph node is surrounded by a capsule and bands of connective tissue called ________ that extend into the capsule and node.

Answer 6

trabeculae

Question 7

Lymph fluid is received from _____ lymphatic vessels

then flows over nodules of lymphocytes.

Answer 7

afferent

Question 8

Filtered lymph collects in the medulla then drains out an _________lymphatic vessel at the _____ of the node.

Answer 8

efferent

hilum

Question 9

How is extracellular fluid collected into the lymph system?

Answer 9

Hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

Question 10

Does lymph collected in the capillaries return to the arterial or venous system?

Answer 10

Venous

Question 11

Tonsils are formed from lymph ____.

Answer 11

sacs

Question 12

What type of lymphatic tissue do tonsils contain?

Answer 12

unencapsulated

Question 13

What type of epithelium are tonsils covered in?

Answer 13

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

What is the purpose of a tonsillar crypt?

Answer 14

To increase surface area

Question 15

What is the clinical diagnosis of debris collection or calcification within a tonsillar crypt?

Answer 15

Tonsilloliths

Question 16

What is the purpose of the tonsillar ring?

Answer 16

Immunologic “First pass” protection at the common entrance of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 17

What are the 4 main tonsils of the tonsillar ring?

Answer 17

Adenoids (pharyngeal), tubal, palentine, lingual

Question 18

What are the three major salivary glands?

Answer 18

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 19

How does the Parotid gland develop?

Answer 19

From an invagination of ectoderm between the maxillary and mandibular swellings

Question 20

True or False

Saliva glands are formed from epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are the two types of salivary gland secretions?

Answer 21

Serous and Mucous

Question 22

Serous saliva is thin/watery and contains which 3 major components?

Answer 22

Enzymes, lactoferrin and immunoglobulin A (to neutralize bacteria)

Question 23

Thicker, mucous type saliva is generally produced in response to what kind of stimuli, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 23

Sympathetic

Question 24

Is saliva hypotonic or hypertonic?

Answer 24

Hypotonic

Question 25

``` True or False Saliva contains the following: Electrolytes Amylase Lipase Lactoferrin Immunoglobulin A Lysozyme Mucous SLIPI ```

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Name the 3 types of salivary ducts

Answer 26

Intercalated, Striated, and Excretory

Question 27

Describe the type of epithelium found in each type of salivary duct

Answer 27

Intercalated : simple cuboidal epithelium Striated: simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium Excretory: simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium and occasionally stratified columnar epithelium

Question 28

The Intercalated salivary duct is responsible for receiving fluid from the _______.

Answer 28

acinus

Question 29

The striated salivary duct creates a more hypotonic solution by removing _____ and secreting _____ into the saliva.

Answer 29

NaCl (salt) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Question 30

What is the function of the excretory duct?

Answer 30

To transport/connect the saliva with the oral cavity

Question 31

Where could you find minor salivary glands?

Answer 31

Present throughout the tongue and lining the oral mucosa

Question 32

Minor salivary glands produce antimicrobial agents such as ____.

Answer 32

Lysozyme

Question 33

If minor salivary glands become damaged they form ____.

Answer 33

Mucoceles

Question 34

Where are the Parotid glands located on the face?

Answer 34

Lateral boarder of face and anterior to the ear

Question 35

Which are the largest salivary glands?

Answer 35

Parotid

Question 36

Are the parotid glands primarily mucous or serous secreting?

Answer 36

Serous (stains dark on slides)

Question 37

What percentage of saliva is produced by each gland?

Answer 37

Salivary 25% Submandibular 70% Sublingual 5%

Question 38

Which disease can affect the parotid glands?

Answer 38

Mumps

Question 39

Where are the submandibular glands located on the face?

Answer 39

Lateral boarder of the mandible

Question 40

Are the submandibular glands mucous or serous secreting?

Answer 40

It is a mixed gland and therefore has both types of cells

Question 41

Where are the sublingual glands located?

Answer 41

Below the anterior portion of the tongue

Question 42

Are the sublingual glands predominately mucous or serous secreting?

Answer 42

Mucous (although it does have both type of cells)

Question 43

The salivary glands can become clogged with calcification. This condition is known as _____.

Answer 43

Salivary Gland Stones or Sailolithiosis

Question 44

What is the treatment for sailolithiosis?

Answer 44

Prevention is with hydration Gland massage Sour lemon juice to increase salivary flow