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Drugs Lists 2021 > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

A
  • Used to treat airway disease
  • Generic drug names: salbutamol (SABA), terbutaline (SABA), salmeterol (LABA), formoterol (LABA)
  • Mechanism of action: Stimulation of airway smooth muscle relaxation via adrenergic activation
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2
Q

Antimuscarinics (anticholinergics)

A
  • Used to treat airway disease
  • Generic drug names: ipratropium (short-acting), tiotropium (long-acting), glycopyrronium (long-acting)
  • Mechanism of action: blockade of muscarinic receptors of cholinergic activity in airway smooth muscle leading to muscle relaxation
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3
Q

Methylxanthines

A
  • Used to treat airway disease
  • Generic drug names: theophylline, aminophylline
  • Mechanism of action: inhibition of phosphodiesterase, sustaining intracellular cAMP levels
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4
Q

Glucorticoids

A
  • Used to treat airway disease
  • Generic drug names: beclometasone, fluticasone - inhaled, prednisolone - oral, hydrocortisone - IV
  • Mechanism of action: Activation of glucocorticoid receptors in immune cells, reducing airway inflammation
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5
Q

Leukotreine receptor antagonists

A
  • Used to treat airway disease
  • Generic drug names: montelukast, zafirlukast
  • Mechanism of action: blockade of pro-inflammatory leukotriene signalling
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6
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: ramipril, lisinopril
  • Mechanism of action: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, therefore lowering angiotensin II levels. This reduces vasoconstriction and cardiac afterload
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7
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: losartan, valsartan
  • Mechanism of action: Blockade of cell signalling induced by angiotensin II. This reduces vasoconstriction and cardiac afterload
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8
Q

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (Beta-blockers)

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: Bisoprolol, atenolol (cardioselective, beta-1 antagonist), propranolol (both beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist properties)
  • Mechanism of action: Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors on cardiomyocytes, reducing inotropy and chronotropy
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9
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins)

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: atorvastatin, simvastatin
  • Mechanism of action: inhibitor of mavelonate metabolism in cholesterol synthesis pathway, enhances low density lipoprotein uptake and reduces plasma cholesterol
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10
Q

Calcium channel antagonists

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation, and is used for heart failure and hypertension.
  • Generic drug names: Nifedipine, amlodipine
  • Mechanism of action: Blockade of L-type calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, promoting vasodilation
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11
Q

Nitrate vasodilators

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: glycerol trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
  • Mechanism of action: release of nitric oxide - which promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arteries and veins
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12
Q

Anti-muscarinic

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation. This is used for emergency bradycardia treatment.
  • Generic drug names: atropine
  • Mechanism of action: blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors leading to increased chronotropy
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13
Q

Sympathomimetics

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation.
  • Generic drug names: adrenaline, dobutamine, noradrenaline
  • Mechanism of action: stimulation of cardiac inotrophy and chronotropy via direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system in the heart
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14
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation. This is an ARB drug.
  • Generic drug names: sacubitril (used with Valsartan, which is an ARB drug
  • Mechanism of action: Inhibitor of natriuretic peptide breakdown, promoting natriuresis and reduced cardiac preload
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15
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: aspirin (COX inhibitor), clopidogrel (ADP receptor antagonist)
  • Mechanism of action: reduces the activation of platelets to prevent thrombosis: inhibition of thromboxane A2 production (aspirin). It causes the blockade of platelet ADP receptors (clopidogrel)
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16
Q

Anticoagulants - heparins

A
  • This is a drug that acts on the heart and circulation
  • Generic drug names: unfractionated heparins, low molecular weight heparins - dalteparin, tinzaparin
  • Mechanism of action: enhances action of natural antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and/or Factor Xa and therefore reduces coagulation cascade activity

Drugs Lists 2021 (4 decks)

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