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MC test #4 > Block 13 Growth/Developmet/Nutrition > Flashcards

Block 13 Growth/Developmet/Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

the growth and development process proceeds from what to what?

A

from simple to complex

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2
Q

the growth and development process is continuous and orderly but not necessarily what?

A

at a steady pace

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3
Q

the growth and development process consists of…

A

growth spurts followed by plateaus

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4
Q

when are the two biggest growth spurts?

A

infancy and puberty

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5
Q

this varies with each child…

A

the rate of growth

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6
Q

every baby has an individual…

A

time table that revolves around a set norm

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7
Q

growth is measurable and can be…

A

observed and studied

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8
Q

development=

A

a progressive increase in the function of the body

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9
Q

example of development…

A

infants increasing ability to digest solids

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10
Q

growth=

A

in increase in physical size, measure in feet or meters, and pounds or kilograms.

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11
Q

maturation=

A

the total way in which a person grows and develops, as dictated by inheritance(physical maturation, not mental)

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12
Q

neonate=

A

birth to four weeks

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13
Q

toddler=

A

one to three years

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14
Q

school age=

A

six to twelve years

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15
Q

infant=

A

four weeks to one year

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16
Q

preschool=

A

three to six years

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17
Q

adolescent=

A

twelve to eighteen years

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18
Q

this age can walk with or without one hand being held…

A

one year old

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19
Q

this age uses pincer mechanism to hold objects…

A

one year old

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20
Q

this age can play ball games

A

one year old

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21
Q

this age can walk up steps with one hand

A

eighteen months

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22
Q

this age like to explore drawers and waste baskets

A

eighteen months

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23
Q

this age can say ten words

A

eighteen months

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24
Q

this age can identify one or more parts of their body

A

eighteen months

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25
Q

this age can feed themselves

A

eighteen months

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26
Q

this age can drink from a cup

A

eighteen months

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27
Q

this age can complain when wet or soiled

A

eighteen months

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28
Q

this age can put three words together to make a sentence

A

two years

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29
Q

this age can run well

A

two years

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30
Q

this year can undress

A

two years

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31
Q

this age parallel plays

A

two years

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32
Q

parallel play=

A

play beside each other and not with each other

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33
Q

this age can ride a tricycle

A

three years

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34
Q

this age has very good adaptive behavior

A

three years

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35
Q

this age can imitate drawing a circle

A

three years

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36
Q

this age can imitate drawing a cross

A

three years

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37
Q

this age knows their age

A

three years

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38
Q

this age play simple games

A

three years

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39
Q

this age can do button and put on their own shoes

A

three years

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40
Q

this age has potty accidents but are usually potty trained

A

three years

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41
Q

this age can skip very well

A

five years

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42
Q

this age can draw a triangle form a copy

A

five years

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43
Q

this age can say four colors

A

five years

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44
Q

this age can count ten pennies

A

five years

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45
Q

this age can dress and undress themselves

A

five years

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46
Q

as nurses we needs to understand childrens…

A

developmental needs

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47
Q

the developmental qualities may regress with…

A

illness

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48
Q

when talking to children they take you very….therefore you should…

A

they take you very literally therefore you should watch what you say and how you say it

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49
Q

we need to always get permission to…

A

touch the child

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50
Q

remember every child is….and teach the parents this too

A

different

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51
Q

behavior and temperament are…

A

different in every child

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52
Q

pay attention to the…between a caregiver and a child

A

interactions

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53
Q

teaching the parents should start when…

A

pregnancy

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54
Q

cephalocaudal=

A

growth and development from head to toe

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55
Q

proximodistal=

A

growth and development from the midline out

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56
Q

childrens development is from…to ….. they cry before they can talk, they crawl before they can walk.

A

general to specific

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57
Q

height=

A

when they are standing

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58
Q

length=

A

when they are laying

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59
Q

height is measured at what ages?

A

2 to eighteen

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60
Q

length is measure at what ages?

A

up to two years old

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61
Q

what is the average length at birth?

A

twenty inches

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62
Q

what is the average growth in the first six months?

A

an inch a month up until six months

63
Q

the left and right ventricle in a baby are…

A

almost equal in muscle mass

64
Q

Cardiac output is… in babies, because…

A

increased in babies because they have an increased oxygen need

65
Q

increased cardiac output in babies is the reason for…

A

their increased pulse rates

66
Q

how long are babies immune after they are born?

A

three months

67
Q

babies needs protected from…..while in the hospital

A

nosocomial infections

68
Q

when do children produce immunoglobulin’s and for how long?

A

three months to puberty

69
Q

when do the kidneys mature in children?

A

two years

70
Q

babies are at increased risk for…

A

dehydration

71
Q

babies become….very quickly before the age of two

A

toxic, due to medications etc.

72
Q

what is a good indicator of health in children?

A

weight

73
Q

what is also measured when measuring weight?

A

head and chest circumfrance

74
Q

weight….by 5-6 months

A

doubles

75
Q

weight….by one year

A

triples

76
Q

how much weight is lost usually after birth

A

5-10%

77
Q

when is weight gained back after birth?

A

by ten days

78
Q

what is the lost weight usually due to in babies?

A

stool

79
Q

the babies water is mostly made of what….so monitor for what?

A

water, so monitor for dehydration

80
Q

this is an indicator of biological age…

A

bone growth

81
Q

children needs these three things for healthy bone growth…

A

vitamin A, vitamin D, and fluorine.

82
Q

where is calcium stored?

A

in the end of long bones

83
Q

when do long bones quit growing?

A

when the epiphyseal discs close

84
Q

what does the nervous system in children do as it matures?

A

increases coordination, skills, and behavior

85
Q

what develops as the nervous system develops?

A

purposeful and controlled movement

86
Q

metabolic rate is….in children than in adults…

A

higher

87
Q

oxygen needs in children are…. in children than in adults

A

higher

88
Q

babies respers are usually…

A

irregular

89
Q

babies often use…..to breath

A

abdominal muscles

90
Q

babies airways are…..so they can get blocked easily with secretions

A

narrower

91
Q

chest walls in babies are…

A

fragile

92
Q

any pressure to a babies chest can cause…

A

respiratory difficulty

93
Q

newborns requires how much sleep? and how many naps?

A

8-9 hours of sleep and 3-4 daily naps

94
Q

two years olds require how much sleep? and how many naps?

A

10 hours of sleep and at least one daily nap

95
Q

seven year olds require how much sleep? and how many naps?

A

11-13 years with no naps usually

96
Q

this influences a childs sleep…

A

culture

97
Q

Eustachian tubes in the childs ears are…

A

straight and short

98
Q

Eustachian tubes lead straight to the….in children

A

throat

99
Q

the placement of Eustachian tubes in children increase the risk for…

A

ear infections because bacteria ascends

100
Q

what is the fastest growing part of the fetus in utero?

A

the head

101
Q

what is the fastest growing part in infancy?

A

the trunk

102
Q

what is the fastest growing part in childhood?

A

the legs

103
Q

what is the fastest growing part in puberty?

A

the male and female sex characteristics

104
Q

when does the body usually proportion out?

A

puberty

105
Q

what is a critical period of growth and development?

A

the embryo stage

106
Q

embryo stage=

A

rapid cell division, when the egg is dividing to make the baby.

107
Q

it is impairative at birth to two years of age the children and babies meet this erikson stage of development…

A

trust, by consistency and having their needs met

108
Q

what are the two ways to compare growth standards in children?

A

compare to other children of the same age and gender. and also compare to previous measurements of the same child to see how they are progressing

109
Q

children with good health will grow in a…

A

persistent pattern

110
Q

the Denver development screening II is to be done in what kind of ink?

A

blue

111
Q

what does the Denver development screening II assess for?

A

childrens development for the first six years. it DOES NOT test intelligence

112
Q

what are the four categories that the Denver development screening II assesses?

A

Personal/social development. fine motor skills. gross motor skills. language assessment.

113
Q

what are the five influences of growth and development?

A

Heredity. nationality/race. sibling food chain. gender. environment.

114
Q

what does heredity determine in a child as far as growth and development?

A

DNA like the eye color, hair, physical resemblance, intelligence, etc.)

115
Q

what does the nationality/race determine in a child as far as growth and development?

A

height, speech, conduct, and religion

116
Q

what does the sibling food chain that the child is in determine as far as growth and development in a child?

A

rate of development. ex. the oldest child will usually mature faster whereas the baby of the family will develop their motor skills later

117
Q

what does gender determine in a child as far as growth and development?

A

girls and boys are different in many ways. ex. boys are bigger than girls. we need age and gender appropriate toys.

118
Q

what does environment determine in a child as far as growth and development?

A

the environment as far as being in utero to being in the home

119
Q

APGAR of the family stands for

A

adaptation. partnership. growth. affection. resolve.

120
Q

families are a part of this and this also influences families…

A

community

121
Q

this is what we consider personality…

A

characteristics of behavior

122
Q

eriksons infancy stage=

A

trust vs. mistrust

123
Q

eriksons toddler stage=

A

autonomy and shame

124
Q

eriksons school age stage=

A

industry vs. inferior (they want to be commended for what they’ve done)

125
Q

eriksons stage of adolescence=

A

separation from family

126
Q

cognitive development according to theorists=

A

intellectual ability. we are born with intelligence POTENTIAL and the potential has to be developed. (blank slate theory)

127
Q

moral development according to calberg=

A

children build on what is learned at a young age

128
Q

development of play in 1-2 year olds=

A

parallel play

129
Q

development of play in 3-5 year olds=

A

cooperative play (sharing and role playing)

130
Q

development of play in 7-10 year olds=

A

competitive play (need to teach rules and boundaries to the children)

131
Q

we CANNOT teach this to mothers and fathers.

A

maternal and paternal INSTICT

132
Q

teach parents to not use this as a reward…

A

food

133
Q

why is vegetarian not good for children?

A

because it consists of a high fiber diet

134
Q

why is high fiber not good for children?

A

because it blocks important vitamins and minerals, mainly iron

135
Q

infants needs more….and have increased….needs

A

more calories and higher fluids needs

136
Q

fiber also blocks…

A

calcium…which is a bad result for their bones and teeth

137
Q

DO NOT put children on this type of diet

A

restrictive

138
Q

children need…..for their nervous system

A

cholesterol and fat

139
Q

when should the first solid food be given?

A

six months

140
Q

what are the s/s of underfeeding?

A

crying, not gaining weight, restlessness

141
Q

overfeeding s/s

A

throwing up, rapid weight gain

142
Q

carbs cause

A

distension and gas

143
Q

infants adapt to a three meal schedule by…

A

one year of age

144
Q

toddlers can feed themselves by this age..

A

the end of the second year

145
Q

preschoolers want these types of foods…

A

finger foods

146
Q

preschoolers are prone to this type of deficiency

A

calorie deficiency

147
Q

why are preschoolers prone to calorie deficiencies?

A

because they are not eating enough or are eating too many empty calories

148
Q

this needs to be stressed to adolescence children as far as eating.

A

eating healthy and NOT skipping meals

149
Q

adolescence are normally….and will….after school

A

fatigued and will nap after schoo;

150
Q

school aged children need to eat from…

A

the basic food groups

151
Q

school aged children love this type of food…

A

empty calorie foods

152
Q

school aged children have increased…

A

energy requirements

153
Q

obesity is related to…

A

too many calories and not enough activity

MC test #4 (3 decks)

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