Block 13

Question 1

Ciprofloxacin
Class
Gram +ve/-ve
Use
MOA
Considerations

Answer 1

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Gram +ve and -ve
Inhibits topoisomerase II and IV -> inhibiting bact. DNA replication
Can cause c.diff inf.

Question 2

Cisplatin
Class
Use
MOA
Considerations

Answer 2

Anticancer
Testicular/lung/cervix/bladder/head + neck and ovary
Alkylating agent - cross links DNA -> apoptosis
Nephrotoxicity

Question 3

Ethambutol
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 3

Anti-tuberculotic
TB
Arabinosyl transferase inhibitor - req. for micobacterial cell wall synth.

Question 4

Isoniazid
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 4

Anti-tuberculotic

Prodrug: inhibit synth of mycolic acid req. for mycobacterial cell wll synth.

Question 5

Paclitaxel
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 5

Anticancer (taxane)
ovarian/breast/lung, Kaposi’s sarcoma/cervical/pancreatic
Binds tubulin, prevents chromosome transport during mitosis

Question 6

Pyrazinamide
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 6

Antituberculotic
TB
Pro-drug: activated in mycobacterium
Reduces FA synthesis
Disrupts memb. potential
Inhibits translation (binds ribosomes)

Question 7

Rifampacin
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 7

RNA synthesis inhibitor
TB
Inhibits RNA polymerase

Question 8

Budesonide
Class
Use
MOA
Considerations

Answer 8

Corticosteroid
Asthma, allergic rhinitis, Crohn’s, UC
Glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Candadiasis, cushings

Question 9

Ipratropium
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 9

mACh antagonist
Asthma, COPD, Allergic rhinitis
Selectively inhibits mACh receptors, decrease in smooth muscle tone

Question 10

Montelukast
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 10

Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Asthma, allergic rhinitis
CysLT1 receptor antagonist, inhibits IL-5 release (attracts eosinophils)

Question 11

Salbutamol
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 11

SABA (short acting beta 2 agonist)
Asthma, COPD
Stimulates B2 -> smooth muscle relaxation + bronchodilation

Question 12

Salmeterol
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 12

LABA (Long acting B2 agonist)
COPD, asthma
Stimulates B2 -> smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilator

Question 13

Adenosine
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 13

Purine receptor agonist
SVT
Activates A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Inhibits slow calcium channels -> relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Question 14

Amiodarone
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 14

K+ channel inhibitor (class III)
SVT and VT
Prolongs myocardial AP
grey skin discolouration, photosensitivity

Question 15

Atenolol
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 15

Beta Blocker
HTN, angina, tachycardia, AMI
Blocks B1 receptors, inhibiting adrenaline/noradrenaline form binding
Negatively chronotropic

Question 16

Atropine
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 16

mACh antagonist
Bradycardia
Competes with ACh for mACh receptor: inhibits parasympathetic activity on the heart -> increased SAn firing

Question 17

Diltiazem
Class
Use
MOA
Considerations

Answer 17

Calcium channel blocker
HTN, stable angina
Inhibits calcium influx - inhibits smooth muscle contr.
-vasodilation -> increased O2 supply, decr. peripheral resistance, decr. systemic BP,decr. afterload

N+V, dizziness, agitation, confusion

Question 18

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 18

Nitrate
Angina
Conversion to NO -> incr. cGMP -> decr. intracell. Ca2+ -> smooth muscle relaxation

Question 19

Lidocaine
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 19

Na+ channel inhibitor (Class 1b)
Resusc., VT, anaesthesia/analgesia
Slows depololarisation of myocytes, Increases stimulation threshold of ventricles. Shortens AP duration. No effect on SA node

Question 20

Verapamil
Class
Use
MOA
Considerations

Answer 20

Ca2+ channel inhibitor (Class IV)
SVT, paroxysmal tacchyarrhythmias, Angina, HTN
Inhibits L type Ca2+ channels -> negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects -> decr. HR + BP
Profound cardiac depressant

Question 21

Digoxin
Class
Use
MOA

Answer 21

Cardiac glycoside
AF, atrial flutter
Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase exchanger -> incr. intracell Na+
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger -> incr. in intracell Ca2+ -> positive ionotropic effect.