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Anatomy YEAR 2 > Block 12 Week 1 + 2 + 3 ANATOMY > Flashcards

Block 12 Week 1 + 2 + 3 ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Clavicle

A
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2
Q

Scapula

A

AKA shoulder blade

  • Depression on surface is known as the SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA. The subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle) originates from this fossa.
  • CORACOID PROCESS. It is a hook-like projection, which lies just underneath the clavicle. Three muscles attach to the coracoid process:
  • the pectoralis minor
  • coracobrachialis
  • short head of the biceps brachii.
  • The Lateral Surface of the scapula faces the humorous. It is the sight of the glenohumeral joint and of various muscle attachments.

Glenoid fossa – a shallow cavity, located superiorly on the lateral border.
It articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Supraglenoid tubercle – a roughening immediately superior to the glenoid fossa.
The place of attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii.

Infraglenoid tubercle – a roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa.
The place of attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii.

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3
Q

Humerus

A
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4
Q

Joints

A
  • GLENOHUMERAL JOINT - between scapula and humerus (ball and socket type joint)
  • ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT - between clavicle and acromion of scapula (plane type synovial joint)
  • ELBOW JOINT - connects upper arm to forearm (hinge-type synovial joint)
  • PROXIMAL RADIO - ULNAR JOINT - articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
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5
Q

Shoulder Joint Ligaments

A

Coraco-acromial ligament

Acromioclavicular ligament

Transverse humeral ligament

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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6
Q

CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT

A
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7
Q

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

A
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8
Q

TRANVERSE HUMERAL LIGAMENT

A
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9
Q

Chest Wall muscles

A

Pectoralis Major:
- Clavicular head and Sternal head

  • They both insert both heads is onto the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
  • Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.

Function: Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb and draws the scapula anteroinferiorly. The clavicular head also acts individually to flex the upper limb.

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10
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Attachments: Originates from the 3rd-5th ribs and inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula.

-Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve.

-Function: Stabilises the scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall.

Image shows pectoralis minor innervated by the medial pectoral nerve

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11
Q

LATERAL AND MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE

A
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12
Q

AXILLARY VEIN

A
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13
Q

CEPHALLIC VEIN

A

’ Ceiling is Cephallic’

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14
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Attachments: The muscle consists of several strips, which originate from the lateral aspects of ribs 1-8. They attach to the costal (rib facing) surface of the medial border of the scapula.

Function: Rotates the scapula, allowing the arm to be raised over 90 degrees. It also protracts the scapula, holding it against the ribcage.

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve.

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15
Q

SERRATUS ANTERIOR LONG THORACIC NERVE

A
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16
Q

AXILLARY ARTERY

A
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17
Q

CEPHALLIC VEIN

A
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18
Q

SUBCLAVIUS

A

The subclavius is small muscle, which is located directly underneath the clavicle, running horizontally. It affords some minor protection to the underlying neurovascular structures (e.g in cases of clavicular fracture or other trauma).

Attachments: Originates from the junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage. It inserts onto the inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle.

Function: Anchors and depresses the clavicle.

Innervation: Nerve to subclavius

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19
Q

WINGING OF THE SCAPULA

A
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20
Q

Triangle of Auscultation

A

The triangle of auscultation is bounded by the latissimus dorsi muscle (inferior), trapezius muscle (medial), scapula (lateral), and the rhomboid major, fascial sheet, 6th and 7th ribs, and intercostal space (anterior or floor).

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21
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25
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26
Q
A
  • Long thoracic nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Axillary nerve
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
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27
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51
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52
Q

Muscles of the upper arm

A

Anterior upper arm:
- Biceps Brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis

Posterior Arm:
- Triceps Brachii

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53
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle

Attachments:
- Long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

  • the short head originates from the coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion:
- Both heads insert distally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.

Function:
- Supination of the forearm
- It also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve.

Blood supply: Branches of brachial artery

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54
Q

Brachialis

A
  • Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
  • Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna

-Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6); Radial nerve (C7)

-Blood supply: Brachial artery, radial recurrent artery, (occasionally) branches from the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries

-Functions: Strong flexion of forearm at the elbow joint

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55
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

-Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

  • Insertion: Anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft

-Action: Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint

  • Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C7)

-Blood supply: Muscular branches of brachial artery

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56
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • The triceps brachii muscle consists of a long, medial and lateral head
  • Origins Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

-Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to radial groove)

-Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus (superior to radial groove)

-Insertion: Olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

-Action:Elbow joint: extension of the forearm

-Shoulder joint: extension and adduction of the arm (long head)

  • Innervation: Radial nerve (C6-C8)
  • Blood supply: Deep brachial artery, superior ulnar collateral artery
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57
Q

ID TRICEPS ON CADAVER

A
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58
Q

Radius

A
  • styloid process is on the lateral side
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59
Q

Ulna bone

A
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60
Q

Coranoid process of ulna

A
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61
Q

Head of the ulna

A

Head of ulna: distal end of ulna

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62
Q

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:

  • Function: wrist flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation)
  • Origin: medial epicondyle, olecranon process and posterior border of the ulna
  • Insertion: pisiform bone of the hand
  • Innervation: ulnar nerve
  • Arterial supply: ulnar artery
63
Q

PALMARIS LONGUS

A

Palmaris longus is absent in ~15% of the population

  • Function: accessory wrist flexion
  • Origin: medial epicondyle
  • Insertion: into flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis via a long, thin tendon
  • Innervation: median nerve
  • Arterial supply: ulnar artery
64
Q

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis:

-Function: wrist flexion and abduction

-Origin: medial epicondyle

-Insertion: base of the metacarpals II and III

-Innervation: median nerve

-Arterial supply: radial artery

65
Q

PRONATOR TERES

A

Function: pronation of the forearm

Origin:
Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Ulnar head: ulnar coronoid process
Insertion: lateral surface of the distal radius

Innervation: median nerve

Arterial supply: brachial artery

66
Q

FLEXOR DIGITORIUM SUPERFICIALIS

A
  • Distally, flexor digitorum superficialis divides into four tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel to digits II, III, IV and V.

-At the proximal phalangeal base of digits II-V, the tendon splits into two to pass laterally and then posteriorly around the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus before attaching to the lateral margins of the middle phalanx of digits II-V.

Function:
- flexion at the proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

Origin:
- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle
- Radial head: anterior oblique line of the radius

Insertion: middle phalanx of digits II-V

Innervation: median nerve

Arterial supply:
Medial aspect: ulnar artery
Lateral aspect: radial and median arteries-

67
Q

FLEXOR POLICIS LONGUS

A

The flexor pollicis longus is a powerful thumb flexor that sends a LONG SINGLE TENDON through the lateral region of the carpal tunnel.

Function: flexion of the thumb

Origin: anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (from the median nerve)

Arterial supply:
Proximal aspect: anterior interosseous artery
Distal aspect: radial artery

68
Q

FLEXOR DIGITORIUM PROFUNDUS

A

The flexor digitorum profundus is a powerful finger and wrist flexor that is one of several crucial elements in both grip strength and performing a pincer grip.

It has FOUR TENDONS that pass through the inferior region of the carpal tunnel before diverging to digits II-V, where it passes through the tunnel created by the splitting of the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis.

Function: flexion of the distal and proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

Origin: anterior and medial surface of the ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: anterior surface of the base of the distal phalanx of digits II-V

Innervation:
Medial aspect: ulnar nerve
Lateral aspect: anterior interosseous nerve (from the median nerve)

Arterial supply: ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries

69
Q

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

A

The pronator quadratus is a flat square-shaped muscle in the distal forearm that assists and stabilises the forearm pronation produced by pronator teres.

Function: pronation and stabilisation of the forearm

Origin: antero-medial surface of the distal ulna

Insertion: antero-lateral surface of the radius

Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (from the median nerve)

Arterial supply: anterior interosseous artery

70
Q

What is the difference between the flexor Digitorium profundus and Flexor Digitorium Superficialis

A

FDP:
innervation: interosseous nerve and ulnar nerve

FDS:
innervation: median nerve

71
Q

BRACHIORADIALIS

A

Brachioradialis produces minimal flexion at the elbow, but becomes active as a powerful elbow fixator (like when holding a box in front of you).

It is most efficient in partial pronation and is the only muscle of the posterior forearm compartment that produces flexion at a joint.

Brachioradialis forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa, and the radial nerve bifurcates before diving deep to this muscle in this region.

Function: weak elbow flexion; primary elbow fixator

Origin: the proximal third of the lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: at or immediately proximal to the radial styloid process

Innervation: radial nerve

Arterial supply: radial recurrent

72
Q

ECRL (Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus)

A

The extensor carpi radialis longus has a relatively short muscle belly and longer tendon. It is this long tendon, and its superficial appearance, that identifies it from the extensor carpi radialis brevis.

Function: wrist extension and abduction

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle

Insertion: dorsal surface of metacarpal II

Innervation: radial nerve (before bifurcating into superficial and deep branches)

Arterial supply: radial recurrent artery

73
Q

ECRB (Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis)

A

The little sibling of the extensor carpi radialis longus, the extensor carpi radialis brevis is distinguishable because of its seemingly larger muscle belly, shorter tendon, and deep appearance to the extensor carpi radialis longus. It is the last superficial muscle of the posterior forearm supplied by the radial nerve before it passes through the supinator.

Function: extension and abduction of the wrist
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: base of metacarpals II and III
Innervation: radial nerve
Arterial supply: radial artery

74
Q

Extensor Digitorium

A

The extensor digitorum is the major extensor muscle of digits II-V.

This muscle arises from a very short common muscle belly that diverges into four individual muscle bellies, each giving rise to a single tendon.

Each tendon inserts into the interconnected triangular aponeurosis (dorsal hood, extensor expansion) on the dorsal surface of each digit.

Function: extension of digits II-V

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: extensor expansion of the dorsal hand

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery

75
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Extensor digiti minimi is an accessory extensor of the little finger.

Function: extension of digit V
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: extensor expansion, immediately medial to extensor digitorum
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
Arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery

76
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

The extensor carpi ulnaris is an important extensor and adductor of the wrist. It has a relatively short muscle belly with a long, flat tendon that converges distally into a round tendon.

Function: extension and adduction of the wrist

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: medial aspect of the base of metacarpal V

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery

77
Q

ANCONEUS

A

Named for its triangular shape, the anconeus is a small muscle that provides accessory support to other posterior forearm muscles.

Function: extension; in pronation, abducts ulna

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: the dorsolateral surface of the olecranon process and dorsal ulna

Innervation: radial nerve

Arterial supply: recurrent interosseous artery

78
Q
A
79
Q

SUPINATOR

A

The supinator muscle has superficial and deep heads that help to supinate the forearm. Passing between these two heads is the deep branch of the radial nerve. As the superficial head forms the ‘roof’ of this tunnel, it is termed the Arcade of Frohse.

Function: supination of the forearm
Origin:
Superficial head: lateral epicondyle

Deep head: supinator crest (dorsolateral ulna)

Insertion: proximal lateral radius, at or superior to the oblique line

Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial supply: radial recurrent artery

80
Q

ARCADE OF FROSHE

A

The supinator muscle has superficial and deep heads that help to supinate the forearm. Passing between these two heads is the deep branch of the radial nerve. As the superficial head forms the ‘roof’ of this tunnel, it is termed the Arcade of Frohse.

81
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

The abductor pollicis longus not only contributes to thumb abduction between metacarpal I and the (os) trapezium, but assists in the abduction of the wrist, too. The abductor pollicis longus assists the extensor pollicis brevis in forming the inferior margin of the anatomical snuffbox.

Function: abduction of the thumb (and assists in abduction at the wrist)

Origin: proximal dorsal radius, ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: lateral aspect of metacarpal I

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Arterial supply:
Proximal aspect: posterior interosseous artery
Distal aspect: anterior interosseous artery

82
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extensor pollicis brevis is the little sibling to extensor pollicis longus.

The extensor pollicis brevis takes a short-cut to reach the thumb; extensor pollicis longus takes the long way to the thumb, passing through the extensor retinaculum.

The extensor pollicis brevis assists the abductor pollicis longus in forming the inferior margin of the anatomical snuffbox.

Function: extension of the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of digit I (assists abduction of the wrist)

Origin: dorsal radius, ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of digit I

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery

83
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

The extensor pollicis longus takes a longer course to reach the thumb than its little sibling extensor pollicis brevis.

The extensor pollicis longus passes around the dorsal radial tubercle (Lister’s tubercle) before coursing to the thumb.

The extensor pollicis longus forms the superior border of the anatomical snuff box.

Function: extension of the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of digit I (assists abduction of the wrist)

Origin: dorsal ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of digit I

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial)

Arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery

84
Q

Extensor indicis

A

The extensor indicis is an accessory extensor of the index finger, allowing the index finger finer, more dexterous movement.

Function: mainly extension of digit II at the metacarpophalangeal joint

Origin: dorsal ulna

Insertion: extensor expansion of digit II (adjacent to the digit II tendon of extensor digitorum)

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

Arterial supply:
Proximal aspect: posterior interosseous artery
Distal aspect: anterior interosseous artery

85
Q

Anatomical Snuffbox

A
86
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Function: extension of the hip, assists in external rotation, abduction (superior fibres) and adduction (inferior fibres)

Origin: dorsal aspects of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Insertion: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity of the dorsal femur

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

87
Q

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

Function: abduction of the hip joint

Origin: gluteal fossa of the ilium

Insertion: lateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

88
Q

Tensor Fasciae latae

A

Function: flexion, medial rotation and abduction of the hip, stabilisation of the knee via the iliotibial band

Origin: iliac crest between the anterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest tuberculum

Insertion: anterior aspect of the iliotibial tract

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

89
Q

Deep gluteal Muscles

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior and inferior gemelli
  • Obturator Internus
  • Quadratus Femoris
90
Q

Muscles of Anterior thigh

A
  • Iliacus
  • Psoas major
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • Vastus Medialis
  • Rectus femoris
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus (9)
91
Q

Psoas Major and Iliacus

A
92
Q

Rectus Femoris

A
93
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Vastus Intermedius

94
Q
A
95
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Sartorius

96
Q

Pectineus

A
  • Flat quadrangle shaped muscle

Action: Adduction and flexion at the hip joint

Innervated: femoral nerve

97
Q

Muscles in the medial compartment of thigh

A
  • Obturator Externus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
98
Q

ADDUCTOR MUSCLES ORIGIN AND INSERITON

A
99
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
100
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Inserts:
- Lateral aspect of fibular head

Function:
- flexion of the knee and extension at the hip

Innervation:
- Long head: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
- Short head: common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve

101
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin:
- Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
- Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)

Action:
- Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis.
- Knee joint: Leg flexion, leg internal rotation.

Innervated:
- Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

102
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A
  • Ischial tuberosity is the insertion point for hamstrings
103
Q

Semimembranosus muscle

A

Origin:
-Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
-Medial condyle of tibia

Action:
- Hip joint: thigh extension and internal rotation
Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation of the leg
Stabilizes pelvis

Innervation:
- Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 – S2)

104
Q

Muscles in the anterior compartment of leg

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor Digitorium longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis tertias

Some texts may consider extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius to be the same muscle and therefore only refer to three muscles in the anterior compartment

105
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin: lateral surface of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot as well as supporting the medial arch of the foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

106
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin: medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of the interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe

Action: extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Found between TA and EDL

107
Q

Extensor Digitorium Longus

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia and medial surface of the fibula

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

Action: extension of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

108
Q

Fibularis Tertias

A

Origin: medial surface of the fibula

Insertion: the fifth metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

109
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment superficial

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris

All three of the superficial muscles insert into the calcaneus (heel) via the calcaneal tendon, the most powerful tendon in the body.

110
Q
  • Gastrocnemius
A

Gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle within the posterior compartment and originates from its two heads, the medial and lateral head.

Origin:

Medial head: medial femoral condyle
Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

111
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior fibular head; and tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments

Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

Action: plantarflexes foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: posterior tibial, fibular and sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

112
Q

PLANTARIS

A

Plantaris is a small muscle with a short belly and a long tendon which joins the calcaneal tendon distally

Origin: inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee

Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

113
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior compartment

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorium longus
  • Flexor Hallucis longus
114
Q

Popliteus

A

Popliteus is a flat triangular-shaped muscle that forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa. The main function of popliteus is to unlock the knee. It does this by rotating the femur laterally 5o to release the knee from its locked position allowing flexion to occur.

Origin: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus

Insertion: posterior surface of the proximal tibia

Action: unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia as well as stabilising the knee joint

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: genicular branches from the popliteal artery

115
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

deepest muscle in the posterior compartment. Whilst this muscle is involved with inversion and plantarflexion of the foot, its main function is to support the medial arch of the foot.

To test tibialis posterior, invert the foot against resistance in slight plantarflexion. If normal, the tendon should be visible and can be palpated posterior to the medial malleolus.

Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of the tibia and fibula

Insertion: tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of the medial cuneiform

Action: inversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Supports the medial arch of the foot during walking.

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

116
Q

Flexor Digitorium Longus

A

Flexor digitorum longus begins on the medial side of the posterior compartment and descends down the leg where its tendon enters the sole of foot to insert on the distal phalanges of the lateral four toes. The muscle is involved with gripping the ground during walking by flexing the lateral four toes.

Origin: medial side of the posterior surface of the tibia

Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

Action: flexes lateral four toes

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

117
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor hallucis longus’ main role is to flex the great toe. It originates on the lateral side of the posterior compartment and its tendon curves under the talus bone in the foot to insert into the distal phalanx of the great toe.

Origin: posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe

Action: flexes the great toe

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood supply: posterior tibial and fibular artery

118
Q

Lateral Compartment

A

There are only two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg: fibularis longus and fibularis brevis. You may also see these muscles referred to as peroneal longus and peroneal brevis.

The word peroneal means “relating to the outer side of the leg” and is used interchangeably with fibular or fibularis. The same occurs for the common fibular nerve or common peroneal nerve. Both muscles evert the foot and are innervated by a branch of the common fibular nerve, the superficial fibular nerve.

119
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

Origin: the head and upper lateral surface of the fibula

Insertion: distal end of medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Action: eversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Provides support to the lateral and transverse arches of the foot.

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: fibular artery

120
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

Origin: lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula

Insertion: lateral tubercle at the base of the fifth metatarsal

Action: eversion of the foot

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)

Blood supply: fibular artery

121
Q

Arteries of the lower leg

A
  • The femoral artery runs in the middle of the femoral triangle. It supplies the anterior and anteromedial aspects of the thigh.
  • The profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery. This vessel is also known as the deep artery of the thigh and has three main branches:
  • Medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA)
  • Lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)
  • Perforating branches: three to four arteries supplying the posterior and anterolateral muscles of the thigh (adductor magnus, hamstrings, vastus lateralis). They run laterally across the muscles.

Note that the profunda femoris artery never leaves the thigh.

122
Q

Arteries of the hip

A

Arteries of the hip
The hip joint is supplied mainly by the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries arising from the profunda femoris artery.

The ascending and transverse branches of LCFA and MCFA anastomose wrapping around the proximal part of the femur. The retinacular branches arise from that anastomosis, supplying the neck. There is a small contribution from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

The head of the femur is additionally supplied by the foveal artery, which originates from the obturator artery. The foveal artery runs in the ligamentum teres of the acetabulum.

123
Q

Rectus femoris blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Femoral artery and lateral femoral circumflex artery

124
Q

Psoas Major blood supply

A

Blood supply: Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery.

125
Q

Illacus blood supply

A

Blood supply: Iliolumbar, deep circumflex iliac, obturator, and femoral arteries.

126
Q

Vastus Medialis blood supply

A

Femoral artery and deep femoral artery and descending genicular artery

127
Q

Vastus intermedius blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Artery to quadriceps, deep femoral arteries

128
Q

Vastus Lateralis blood supply

A

Blood supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery.

129
Q

Sartorius

A

Blood Supply: Femoral artery.

130
Q

Pectineus

A

Blood supply: Medial circumflex femoral artery, femoral artery and obturator artery

131
Q

Adductor brevis blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Obturator artery.

132
Q

Adductor longus blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Obturator artery.

133
Q

Adductor Magnus blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Obturator artery, profunda femoris artery and medial circumflex femoral artery

134
Q

Obturator Externus blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Obturator artery and medial circumflex femoral artery.

135
Q

Gracillis blood supply

A

Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral artery

136
Q

Piriformis blood supply

A

Superior and inferior gluteal artery

137
Q

Obturator internus

A

Obturator artery

138
Q

Gemelli both

A

Inferior gluteal artery

139
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Inferior gluteal artery and medial circumflex femoral artery

140
Q
A
141
Q
A
142
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A
143
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

This is the radial collateral ligament of the wrist, a longitudinal, fanning ligament that connects the styloid process of the radius with the scaphoid bone. This ligament assists in the stabilization of the wrist joint.

144
Q

Carpal Articular Surface

A
145
Q

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

A

This is the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist, a longitudinal ligament that connects the styloid process of the ulna with the triquetrum bone. It is a component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex and assists in wrist stabilization.

146
Q

Palmaris aponeurosis

A
147
Q

Palmar Brevis

A
148
Q

Abductor Policis Brevis

A
149
Q

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

A
150
Q
A
151
Q

ARTERIES OF THE ARM

A
152
Q

VEINS OF THE ARM

A
153
Q
A
154
Q
A

Anatomy YEAR 2 (3 decks)

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