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Perception > Block 12 > Flashcards

Block 12 Flashcards

1
Q

The extrastriate cortex contains how many visual areas

A

20

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2
Q

There is feedback information from higher cortical areas to lower cortical areas via

A

Reciprocal connections

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3
Q

T/F visual information flows along distinct but not independent processing streams

A

True

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4
Q

Temporal/ventral/what stream is critical for

A

Identifying and recognizing objects

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5
Q

Dorsal/parietal/where stream is critical in

A

Motion perception
Localization in visual space
Action organization

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6
Q

Dorsal-dorsal stream

A

Processes action information

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7
Q

Damage to the dorsal-dorsal stream results in

A

Optic ataxia

They cannot point to or reach for a visual target

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8
Q

What is the ventral-dorsal stream

A

It includes MT/V5

Appears to play a role in space perception and action organization

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9
Q

The parvo pathway has strong input to this processing stream

A

Ventral

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10
Q

Magno pathway has strong input to this processing stream

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

T/F the two recessing streams communicate with each other

A

True

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12
Q

V4 reveals an abundance of cells with chromatic sensitivities. What does this mean

A

It is well adapted for color perception

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13
Q

Cells in the inferotemporal cortex respond to complex forms,
What does this include

A

Faces

Form perception

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14
Q

V4 and IT are part of this processing stream

A

Ventral

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15
Q

Cells of the MT and V5 are a part of this processing stream

What do they do?

A

Dorsal stream

Encode motion

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16
Q

What does PET show

A

Radioactive tracer is used to observe changes in blood flow-indicative of increased cortical metabolism

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17
Q

What does fMRI show

A

Better resolution that PET

Shows cortical activity by detecting levels of oxygenation

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18
Q

If a person looks at a screen of colored moving objects and is asked to stare a green object, what stream will be activated

A

Ventral

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19
Q

If a human is looking at a shape of form what stream will be active

A

Ventral

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20
Q

If a human is looking at movement of objects what stream is active

A

Dorsal

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21
Q

T/F information from teh various cortical areas must be synthesized to result in an integrated perception

A

True

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22
Q

What is responsible for the coordination of the processing streams

A

Pre-frontal Cortex

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23
Q

Cells which region(s) can analyze motion

A

MT

V5

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24
Q

To study global motion perception what test is used

A

Random dot kinematograms

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25
Q

T/F in MT/V5 it is more active when viewing a moving object rather than a stationary one

A

True

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26
Q

What is motion aftereffect

A

It is a motion illusion that occurs in the absence of motion

They result from adaptation of direction-specific motion detectors . The adapting stimulus reduces sensitivity to its direction of movement

This causes subsequently viewed stationary stimuli to appear to move in the opposite direction

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27
Q

Where are the motion detectors responsible for motion aftereffect located

A

In the cortex

This is the first site for substantial interaction between the 2 eyes

28
Q

The receptive fields of IT are small or large?

A

Large

29
Q

What does the large receptive field of IT cells provide

A

Basis to integrate information over an extensive area and analyze complex patterns

They respond best to comparatively sophisticated shapes

30
Q

The IT region in monkeys is equivalent to this in humans

A

Lateral occipital complex (LOC)

31
Q

What does teh LOC respond best to

A

Objects, but not scrambled objects or object fragments

Responds to all objects, and does not show selectivity for a particular type of object

32
Q

Fusiform face area (FFA) responds to

A

Faces, but not other objects

May be involved in face detection and/or recognition

33
Q

Parahippocampal place area (PPA) recognizes

A

Objects and places, but not faces

May play a role in perceiving scenes

34
Q

T/F the areas that process faces (FFA) and color (V4) are far apart

A

False, they are close in proximity

35
Q

What is prosopagnosia

A

The inability to recognize faces

36
Q

What is cerebral achromatopsia

A

Inability to distinguish hues

37
Q

What is top-down attention

A

You can direct your attention to the words you are reading

You device what you want to pay attention to
It is volitional

38
Q

What is bottom up visual attention

A

Caused by an external stimulus

Your attention is suddenly shifted

39
Q

How does serial processing affect visual attention

A

You direct your spot light of attention on each object of interest to see if it is available

40
Q

What is change blindness

A

A phenomenon in which you cannot readily see the differences between two images

41
Q

What can make changes between images more visible

A

Sequential presentation may trigger our exogenous attention. Makes the changes immediately obvious

When the two images are presented simultaneously the difference between them do not as readily elicit attention

42
Q

Top-down attention can stimulate what area

A

V4

43
Q

Lesions of the striate cortex produce

A

Blind spots

44
Q

Extra striate lesions can cause

A

Visual agnosias
They wont be able to recognize objects
There can be different forms depending on the area damaged

45
Q

What is object agnosia

A

Can’t recognize real objects

46
Q

What is agnosia for drawings

A

You cant recognize drawn objects

47
Q

What is prosopagnosia

A

Can recognize faces

48
Q

What is simultagnosia

A

Perception of more than one object

49
Q

What is color agnosia

A

Can’t associate colors with objects

50
Q

What is color anemia

A

Can’t name colors

51
Q

What is cerebral achromatopsia

A

Can’t distinguish hues

52
Q

What is visual spatial agnosia

A

Can’t do Stereoscopic vision, or topographical relations

53
Q

What is cerebral akinetopsia

A

Can’t perceive motion

54
Q

In akinetopsia what is damaged

A

Dorsal processing stream

They will have normal VF, VA, and color vision

55
Q

What is happening in the patients with cerebral achromatopsia

A

They have a normal complement of cones, but they are unable to distinguish hues because of an extra striate lesion

They could see color prior to lesion
See world as black and white

56
Q

What is hemineglect syndrome

A

They only see one side, either right or left, and they ignore the other side.
This occurs secondary to a lesion in the superior temporal lobe

57
Q

What is simultagnosia

A

They patient cannot perceive more than one object at a time

May be present in Balint’s syndrome (bilateral damage to parietal lobes)

58
Q

What is synesthesia

A

Very rare
Cortical modulates are abnormally linked to each other. So stimulation of one sense leads to activation of another

(Seeing a letter or number results in perception of a color)

59
Q

What is phantom vision

A

In patients with visual loss to experience visual hallucinations

60
Q

What is Charles Bonnet Syndrome

A

15% of visually impaired patients
Hallucinations that take form of a person (can be other forms as well)
Images are sharply focused and Vivid
Patient recognizes that they are not real
The hallucinations do not bother the patients

61
Q

What is the importance of perceptual learning

A

Can be used to improve amblyopia and near VA in children with low vision

Can ameliorate certain age-related declines in visual performance

62
Q

What is electrodiagnosis used for

A

To confirm normal functional status
Test infants and unresponsive patients
Monitor for development of drug toxicity
Detect sub-clinical disease
Detect early functional loss in progressive disease
Detect carrier state disease
Discriminate level of deficit
Monitor progression/resolution of condition

63
Q

A wave of ERG

A

From photoreceptors

64
Q

B wave

A

From bipolar layer and depolarization of Mueller cells

65
Q

What is the c wave in ERG

A

RPE

66
Q

Why isn’t a full field ERG used for maculopathies?

A

A small area of retina is affected

Perception (6 decks)

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