Block 1 Unit 4 Hematological System Flashcards
What are the 4 components that make up blood?
-Erythrocytes/ red blood cells
-Leukocytes/ white blood cells
-Plasma
-Platelets
What are the 2 major proteins within plasma?
Albumins and globulins
What is the function of blood?
-delivery of substance such as oxygen and glucose, needed for cellular metabolism in tissues
-Removal of byproducts and waste from cellular metabolism
-White blood cells provide defense against invading organisms and injury
-maintains the acid-base balance by carrying CO2 to the lungs to be excreted
How are red blood cells created?
There created as a stem cells in the bone marrow and develop in several steps to mature blood cells.
How long does it take a stem cell to develop
About 21 days
How long is a released blood cell in the blood stream circulates for before maturity?
1-2 days
What is a healthy blood cell called?
Erythrocytes
What is the red blood cells primary job?
Tissue oxygenation, the cell contains hemoglobin that Carrie’s gases and electrolytes
How long does a red blood cell function within the body before degrading?
110-120 days
What 2 groups are leukocytes divided into?
Agranular and Granular
What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Bleeding and thrombosis resulting from depletion of clotting factors, platelets and RBC
What is the most common cause of DIC?
Sepsis, it’s 20% of all cases
What causes DIC?
-sepsis
-obstetric complications
-traumatic injury
-miscellaneous (snakebite, shock, heat stroke, cardiac arrest)
You are taking care of a vented pt when you noticed that they are bruising at old IV sites, their gums are bleeding as well, abdominal distension and hematuria. What is the dx?
DIC
What are the clinic presentation of DIC ?
-bleeding
-epistaxis
-ecchymosis
-hemoptysis
-hematuria
-abdominal distention/ bruising at the flank
-hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is the Tx for DIC?
- Tx underlying cause
- Transfusion
- Heparin
Why is acidosis on the Trauma triad of death?
It compromises the clotting process, accelerating fibrinogen consumption. Decreasing body’s ability to clot, making patient more coagulopathic
What happens when the pt develops hypothermia while also having trauma?
Vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to tissue, O2 is unable to be exchange putting the cells into an anaerobic state. Which increase Latin acid.
How is coagulopathy Tx?
FFP and platelets
What can happen if RBC hemolyze?
Hyperkalemia, which can cause lethal dysthymia’s
______ can occur as a result from the citrate (preservative) in blood products, and it exacerbates coagulopathy
Hypocalcemia
