Block 1 Missed Concepts Flashcards
C3, 4, 5 ….
Keep the diaphragm alive- innervation by the phrenic nerve
For flow to occur….
There must be a pressure gradient
A normal RQ (respiratory quotient) is
0.8 (4L/min ventilation, 5L/min cardiac output perfusion)
Indications for Hyperbaric Oxygenation therapy
Diabetic, necrotizing wounds, CO poisoning, Cyanide poisoning
According to ficks law, what will decrease the diffusion of gas in the ACM
Decreased pressure gradient
Decreased surface area
Thickened ACM
Decreased diffusion coefficient
At rest, capillary blood is exposed to the alveoli for 0.75s
Equilibrium across the ACM…
Equilibration across the ACM typically takes 0.25s in healthy lungs
Calculate the alveolar gas equation (PAO2)
PAO2 = ((PB760 - PH2O47) x FIO2) - (PACO2/0.8)
PB ALWAYS IS 760
PH2O ALWAYS 47
Which of the following venous drainage systems contribute to the anatomic shunt?
Thebesian
Bronchial
Visceral pleural
Anterior cardiac vein
Surfactant function is to reduce surface tension ….
Stabilizing the alveoli so they don’t collapse
Describe the effects of stimulating the SNS, Alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2 receptors
Alpha 1- vasoconstriction
Beta 1 - increase heart rate and constriction
Beta 2- muscle relaxation, vasodilation, bronchodilator
If a medication is given to your patient and their HR, BP goes up and had an allergic reaction, they were given
Sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic
The primary functions of the nose are to
Heat, humidify, and filter
Discuss the difference between diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation
Perfusion limitation is limited by cardiac output, increase cardiac output, increase diffusion across ACM. Decrease cardiac output, decrease diffusion across ACM
Diffusion limitation is limited by the gas ability to move through. Increase cardiac output, thicker ACM. Decrease cardiac output, ACM thins out
When a mast cell degranulates, it releases…
SRS- A, chemotaxic signals, histamine, protease, leukotrienes, heparin, cytokines
Aspirations lead to foreign substances lodging in…
Trachea, right middle lobe, right lower lobe
The glottis separates…
Upper and lower airways
Type 2 alveolar cells..
Produce surfactant and serve as replacement for damaged type 1 cells
Set VT based on IBW
What is capillary shunt? What is Anatomic shunt?
Capillary shunt is the mixing of blood from non- ventilated areas of the lung with oxygenated blood.
Anatomic shunts introduce deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary veins
Differentiate between Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul’s, Biot’s and apnea
Biots: deep breath followed by apnea
Cheye-stokes: waxing and waning (deep and shallow breaths)
Kussmaul’s: deep rapid breathing at a consistent pace
Apnea: breathing is momentarily cut off
Calculate Cst
Calculate RCT
Differentiate between hypoventilation (high CO2), hyperventilation (low CO2), tachypnea (RR>20 b/min, adults), and bradypnea (RR<12 b/min)
Differentiate between deadspace ventilation and Shunt
Shunt: perfusion is greater than ventilation
Ex- consolidation; atelectasis, pulmonary edema
Deadspace: ventilation is greater than perfusion
Ex- disruption in blood flow; COPD, pulmonary embolism