Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 Drugs > Block 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Block 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid

A

Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide

Calcium carbonate + Magnesium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antacid MoA

A

Gastric acid neutralisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antacids + Alginate

A

Sodium alginate with Sodium bicarbonate and Calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antacids + Alginate MoA

A

Gastric acid neutralisation and increases viscosity of stomach contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

H2-receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H2-receptor antagonist MoA

A

Blockade of gastric H2 histamine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor MoA

A

Blocks parietal cell proton transporters

  • Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+-ATPase pump, the terminal step in the acid secretory pathway
  • Decreases basal and stimulated acid secretion
  • More effective than H2-receptor antagonists
  • For acid secretion to resume, new pump molecules have to be synthesized so 1 dose affects acid secretion for 2-3 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bulk laxative

A

Methylcellulose

Ispaghula husk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bulk laxative MoA

A

Water retention in intestinal lumen to soften & bulk stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osmotic laxative

A

Magnesium sulphate + Magnesium hydroxide (saline purgatives)

Macrogol

Lactulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osmotic laxative MoA

A

Promotes movement of fluid into GI lumen, which accelerates transit and causes colonic distension, simulating purgation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Faecal softener

A

Docusate

Arachis oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Faecal softener MoA

A

Lower surface tension - allowing water and fat to enter stool, softening stool consistency & increasing bulk to aid transit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stimulant purgative

A

Bisacodyl

Senna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stimulant purgative MoA

A

Increase intestinal motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oral rehydration therapy

A

Isotonic/Hypotonic solution of glucose and sodium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oral rehydration therapy MoA

A

Promotes uptake of Na+ and water by intestines, restoring hydration levels following fluid loss from diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Opioid anti-motility agent

A

Loperamide

Codeine

20
Q

Opioid anti-motility agent MoA

A

Agonist for µ-opioid receptors in myenteric plexus

21
Q

Aminosalicylate (for inflammatory bowel disease)

A

Mesalazine

22
Q

Aminosalicylate (for inflammatory bowel disease) MoA

A

Suppresses immune system in gut to reduce inflammation and tissue damage

23
Q

Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

Uses: oedema and hypertension

24
Q

Loop diuretic MoA

A

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

25
Q

Thiazides (& related diuretics)

A

Indapamide

Bendroflumethiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlortalidone

26
Q

Thiazides (& related diuretics) MoA

A

Inhibits Na+/Cl- co-transporter in early distal tubule

  • > Weak/moderate diuresis so well tolerated
  • > Slower acting, but longer lasting than loop diuretics
27
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics (mineralocorticoid receptor aka aldosterone anatagonist)

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

28
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics (Spironolactone + Eplerenone) MoA

A

Mineralocorticoid receptor anatagonist aka blockade of mineralocorticoid activation

29
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist)

A

Amiloride (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist)

30
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist) MoA

A

Blockade of sodium reabsorption via ENaC channel

31
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics (mineralocorticoid receptor aka aldosterone anatagonist): Side Effects

A

Hyperkalaemia (interact with RAAS drugs/cause arrhythmia)

32
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

33
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MoA

A

Prevent renal reabsorption of bicarbonate so Na+ and HCO3- ions remain in the tubule

34
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

Uses: cerebral oedema and intra-ocular pressure (e.g. glaucoma and hypertension)

35
Q

Osmotic diuretic MoA

A

Increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate thus reducing water reabsorption

36
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

Ramipril

37
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MoA

A

Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II: reduces vasoconstriction

38
Q

Angiotensin-II receptor blocker/antagonist

A

Losartan

39
Q

Angiotensin-II receptor blocker/antagonist MoA

A

Directly block cell signalling induced by angiotensin II

40
Q

Aldosterone antagonist

A

Spironolactone

41
Q

Aldosterone antagonist MoA

A

Blockade of mineralocorticoid activation

42
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Levothyroxine

Liothyronine

43
Q

Thyroid hormone MoA

A

Activation of thyroid hormone receptors

44
Q

Alpha-adrenergic blocker (for urinary retention)

A

Tamsulosin

45
Q

Alpha-adrenergic blocker (for urinary retention) MoA

A

Smooth muscle relaxant affecting neck of bladder

46
Q

Urinary anti-spasmodic; anticholinergic (for urinary incontinence)

A

Oxybutinin

47
Q

Urinary anti-spasmodic; anticholinergic (for urinary incontinence) MoA

A

Blockade of muscarinic receptors leading to reduction of bladder detrusor activity

Phase 1 Drugs (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions