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Block 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid

A

Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide

Calcium carbonate + Magnesium carbonate

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2
Q

Antacid MoA

A

Gastric acid neutralisation

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3
Q

Antacids + Alginate

A

Sodium alginate with Sodium bicarbonate and Calcium carbonate

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4
Q

Antacids + Alginate MoA

A

Gastric acid neutralisation and increases viscosity of stomach contents

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5
Q

H2-receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine

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6
Q

H2-receptor antagonist MoA

A

Blockade of gastric H2 histamine receptors

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7
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

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8
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor MoA

A

Blocks parietal cell proton transporters

  • Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+-ATPase pump, the terminal step in the acid secretory pathway
  • Decreases basal and stimulated acid secretion
  • More effective than H2-receptor antagonists
  • For acid secretion to resume, new pump molecules have to be synthesized so 1 dose affects acid secretion for 2-3 days
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9
Q

Bulk laxative

A

Methylcellulose

Ispaghula husk

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10
Q

Bulk laxative MoA

A

Water retention in intestinal lumen to soften & bulk stools

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11
Q

Osmotic laxative

A

Magnesium sulphate + Magnesium hydroxide (saline purgatives)

Macrogol

Lactulose

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12
Q

Osmotic laxative MoA

A

Promotes movement of fluid into GI lumen, which accelerates transit and causes colonic distension, simulating purgation

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13
Q

Faecal softener

A

Docusate

Arachis oil

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14
Q

Faecal softener MoA

A

Lower surface tension - allowing water and fat to enter stool, softening stool consistency & increasing bulk to aid transit

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15
Q

Stimulant purgative

A

Bisacodyl

Senna

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16
Q

Stimulant purgative MoA

A

Increase intestinal motility

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17
Q

Oral rehydration therapy

A

Isotonic/Hypotonic solution of glucose and sodium chloride

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18
Q

Oral rehydration therapy MoA

A

Promotes uptake of Na+ and water by intestines, restoring hydration levels following fluid loss from diarrhoea

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19
Q

Opioid anti-motility agent

A

Loperamide

Codeine

20
Q

Opioid anti-motility agent MoA

A

Agonist for µ-opioid receptors in myenteric plexus

21
Q

Aminosalicylate (for inflammatory bowel disease)

A

Mesalazine

22
Q

Aminosalicylate (for inflammatory bowel disease) MoA

A

Suppresses immune system in gut to reduce inflammation and tissue damage

23
Q

Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

Uses: oedema and hypertension

24
Q

Loop diuretic MoA

A

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

25
Thiazides (& related diuretics)
Indapamide Bendroflumethiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Chlortalidone
26
Thiazides (& related diuretics) MoA
Inhibits Na+/Cl- co-transporter in early distal tubule - > Weak/moderate diuresis so well tolerated - > Slower acting, but longer lasting than loop diuretics
27
Potassium sparing diuretics (mineralocorticoid receptor aka aldosterone anatagonist)
Spironolactone Eplerenone
28
Potassium sparing diuretics (Spironolactone + Eplerenone) MoA
Mineralocorticoid receptor anatagonist aka blockade of mineralocorticoid activation
29
Potassium sparing diuretics (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist)
Amiloride (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist)
30
Potassium sparing diuretics (epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist) MoA
Blockade of sodium reabsorption via ENaC channel
31
Potassium sparing diuretics (mineralocorticoid receptor aka aldosterone anatagonist): Side Effects
Hyperkalaemia (interact with RAAS drugs/cause arrhythmia)
32
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
33
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MoA
Prevent renal reabsorption of bicarbonate so Na+ and HCO3- ions remain in the tubule
34
Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol Uses: cerebral oedema and intra-ocular pressure (e.g. glaucoma and hypertension)
35
Osmotic diuretic MoA
Increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate thus reducing water reabsorption
36
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Ramipril
37
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MoA
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II: reduces vasoconstriction
38
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker/antagonist
Losartan
39
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker/antagonist MoA
Directly block cell signalling induced by angiotensin II
40
Aldosterone antagonist
Spironolactone
41
Aldosterone antagonist MoA
Blockade of mineralocorticoid activation
42
Thyroid hormone
Levothyroxine Liothyronine
43
Thyroid hormone MoA
Activation of thyroid hormone receptors
44
Alpha-adrenergic blocker (for urinary retention)
Tamsulosin
45
Alpha-adrenergic blocker (for urinary retention) MoA
Smooth muscle relaxant affecting neck of bladder
46
Urinary anti-spasmodic; anticholinergic (for urinary incontinence)
Oxybutinin
47
Urinary anti-spasmodic; anticholinergic (for urinary incontinence) MoA
Blockade of muscarinic receptors leading to reduction of bladder detrusor activity

Phase 1 Drugs (5 decks)

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