Block 1 Dr. Smith Immunology Flashcards
Immune cell that matches with CD3
All T cells
Immune cell that matches with CD 4
T helper cells
Immune cell that matches with CD19
B cells
Immune cell that matches with CD20
B cells
Immune cells that matches with CD34
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Immune cell that matches with CD45
All leukocytes
Immune cell that matches with CD56
NK cells
Immune cell that matches with CD8
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the equivalent of CDR protein marker
Hyperviariable region
MHC is the same as :
HLA
CD54 is the same as :
CD40L
B7.1/B7.2 →
CD80/86
CR2 →
CD21
Most immune cells descend from what?
CD34+ multipotent stem cells in the bone marrow.
In general, IL-3 goes along what lineage?
Myeloid
In general, IL-7 goes with what lineage?
Lymphoid
Once in the lymphoid pathway, IL-7 alone will result in production of what immune cell ?
NK cell progenitor
IL-7 & IL-2 together will result in production of what immune cell?
T-cell
IL-15 will turn the progenitor cells into?
NK cell
IL-4 results in the production of ?
B cells
M-CSF results in differentiation of ?
Mononcyte progenitors
Macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells
G-CSF results in differentiation of ?
Granulocyte progenitors
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells come from what lineage?
Lymphoid
Myeloid linage gives rise to :
Granulocytes, monocytes and some dendritic cells
Innate immune cells include :
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
2 innate immune cells that play a role in adaptative immunity also?
APC cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.
Class I MHC takes stuff from inside cells & interact with ?
CD8
Class II MHC takes stuff from outside cells and interacts with ?
CD4
What are naive lymphocytes?
Adaptative immune cells that have not encountered their antigen yet.
Innate immune cells that are phagocytes:
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Major players in early inflammatory response
Main difference between a macrophage and a monocyte?
Monocyte circulate in the blood
Macrophage are tissue resident cells
This granulocyte is the first line of defense against invaders:
Neutrophils
Main mechanism neutrophils kill?
Oxidative burst
Toxic oxygen-derived products
Production of Lactoferrin by neutrophils affect bacteria in what way?
Lactoferrin binds iron which is necessary for survival of bacteria.
What are NETs?
Neutrophil extracellular traps (neutro barf up the content of the nucleus if the thing is too big to phagocytose them)
E.g. Fungi, biofilms
Tissue resident macrophages come from where ?
Fetal yolk sac (early on in life)
Difference between M1 & M2 macrophages
M1 secrete cytokines and are main drivers of the inflammatory response
M2 usually show up at the end to ‘‘clean up everything’’
Main mechanism macrophages use as a defense?
NO production
What disease results from disfunctional NADPH enzyme of the oxidative burst cascade?
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Severe opportunistic infections with catalase + bacteria
What test is used to diagnosis disfunctional oxidative burst in neutrophils?
NBT test
Usually it should turn blue (oxidative burst reduces the dye to blue)
If it does not turn blue, the test is negative.
Less servere version of CGD where you have NAPDH oxidase but lack another important enzyme to complete oxidative burst?
Myeloperoxidase deficiency
NBT test would be positive (normal) in this case
Disease resulting from no LYST protein (no phagolysosome formation) with partial albinism as a feature and giant inclusion bodies seen in WBC in microscopy?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Mast cells are part of innate or adaptative immune system?
Innate
Cells that have receptors for IgE on them and produce a local inflammatory response when they degranulate their histamine?
Mast cells
Short lived cells that contain MBP in their granules and release them via exocytosis to kill parasites ?
Eosinophils
Langerhans cells are example of what type of immune cell that is very good at capturing antigens and showing them off to T cells?
Dendritic cell
Ringleaders of the transition from the innate to adaptative immune system?
Dendritic cells.
Represent 15% of the lymphocyte population
B cells
T cells represent what % of lymphocyte population?
80%
Are not necessarily MHC restricted
Can be phagocytic
Can present antigen
B cells
B cells can become either :
Plasma cells
Memory B cells
Can be either killers, regulators or helpers
T lymphocytes
Which of the following components of the adaptive immune system causes lysis of virally infected cells and the release of cytokines?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cell
Is the complement response innate or adaptative ?
Innate
Complement is one of the soluble effector molecules of our innate immunity. One of its main job is to provide a mechanism by which adpatative immune molecules (antibodies) mediate the killing of the pathogen.
Main 3 functions of Complement?
- Opsonization of microbes
- Recruitment of phagocytes to site of infection
- Kill microbes
Complement tags the pathogen, so that macrophages and neutrophils can come and do their jobs. Thats how they recruit phagocytes to the site of infection.
Complement proteins are made in:
Liver
C1, C2, C3 and C4 are involved in earlier or later responses ?
Earlier
C5, C6, C7, C8 & C9 are involved in earlier or later responses ?
Later
Which subunit of a complement is involved in anaphylaxis ?
a subunit
Which subunit of the complement, when cleaved, is more likely to act as an opsonin ?
b subunit
What are the 3 ways you can activate a complement pathway?
Classical pathway
MBP pathway
Alternative pathway
Is C5a more or less inflammatory than C3a?
Way more
C5b-C9 complex is responsible for making :
MAC complex
Membrane attack complex