Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What instruments operate off Rigidity?

A
  • Attitude Indicator

- Heading Indicator

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2
Q

What instruments operate off Precession?

A
  • Attitude Indicator (pendulous veins)
  • Turn and Slip Indicator
  • Turn Coordinator
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3
Q

Describe the gyroscopic principle of Rigidity in Space

A

When spinning at high speeds, gyros will resist tilting/turning in any direction other than around its spin axis
A/c will rotate around the spinning, upright gyro

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4
Q

What happens if the Static Port becomes blocked?

A
  • Altimeter freezes
  • VSI shows 0 (pressure equalizes through calibrated leak)
  • Airspeed is inaccurate
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5
Q

How does the VSI work?

A

Measures the difference between initial pressure and new pressure

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6
Q

ANDS

A

Occurs when on E/W headings

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7
Q

UNOS

A

Occurs when on N/S headings and turning away

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8
Q

What is Variation?

A

The difference between True North and Magnetic North

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9
Q

What are the 4 ground based NAVAIDs

A

VOR
DME
ILS
NDB

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10
Q

What does the RMI show?

A

Magnetic Bearing

Tail shows VOR radial you’re on

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11
Q

What is the difference between Homing and Tracking?

A
Homing = No wind correction to the station
Tracking = Maintaining consistent MB to the statio
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12
Q

What are some disadvantages/errors of the VOR? (there are 5)

A
  • Expensive
  • Line of Sight
  • Service Volumes
  • Cone of Confusion (needle freaks out when over the stations)
  • Zone of Ambiguity (TO/FR flag disappears when abeam the station)
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13
Q

61.65 Requirements for an Instrument Rating requirements? (4)

A

PPL
English Proficient (cat 4+)
Ground training
Endorsements

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14
Q

61.65 Aeronautical Knowledge requirements? (3)

A

ATC Procedures
IFR nav and approaches
Safety and efficiency

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15
Q

61.65 Flight Proficiency requirements? (3)

A

50 hrs XC (10 in a/c)
40 hrs Instrument Time (15 from a CFII - 3 different kinds of approaches)
SImulators (10 hrs in a BATD, or 20 hrs in an AATD)

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16
Q

3 Segments of the GPS

A
  1. Space (Satellites)
  2. Control (Ground-Stations)
  3. User (Aircraft)
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17
Q

What requirements are there for flying IFR with GPS as the main NAVAID?

A
  1. Any Non-WAAS GPS must be equipped with RAIM
  2. WAAS GPS must meet standards
  3. MUST CHECK NOTAMs prior to IFR flight
  4. Must have an approved ALTERNATE means of navigation appropriate to flight
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18
Q

What are the 3 different CDI sensitivities with WAAS GPS navigation? When do they automatically activate?

A
  1. En-Route (30nm+ from destination) = 2nm full scale deflection either side
  2. Terminal (~30nm TO/FR) = 1nm full scale deflection either side
  3. Approach (Past Final Approach WP) = 0.3nm full scale deflection either side
    (LOOK AT TABLE IN LESSON PLAN)
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19
Q

What does RAIM do?

A

Internal integrity test of satellites

  • 5 to detect bad signal
  • 6 to kick it out
20
Q

Rule of thumb for leading level offs or leading turns?

A

10 percent VSI for level off

10 percent TAS + half of result for rolling out

21
Q

How does GPS function to locate a/c?

A
  • Transmits codes on 2 frequencies (Status Message and Pseudo Random Code)
  • Receiver measures Travel Time and satellite position to determine Altitude
  • Triangulation determines lat/long
22
Q

What are 3 errors of GPS?

A
  1. LINE OF SIGHT
  2. Space Weather (solar interference)
  3. Terrestrial interference/Jamming/Spoofing
23
Q

What is the biggest difference between LAAS and WAAS

A

LAAS has its own Ground Receivers ON the airport

24
Q

SSV for a Terminal (T) VOR

A

1,000-12,000’ AGL

25NM Radius

25
Q

SSV for a Low (L) VOR

A

1,000-18,000’ AGL

40NM Radius

26
Q

SSV of a High (H) VOR

A

1,000-14,500’ AGL, 40nm Radius

14,500-18,000’ AGL, 100nm Radius

18,000-45,000’ AGL, 130nm Radius

45,000-60,000’ AGL, 100nm Radius

27
Q

What will happen in the Zone of Ambiguity?

A

The TO/FR flag will disappear when crossing a radial that is 90 deg from the course you have set!

28
Q

What occurs in the Cone of Confusion?

A

Course needle will jump back and fourth rapidly as you are flying directly over the station

29
Q

What is the SSV for a Localizer? (not the standard width)

A

35 degrees either side of centerline wide extending 10nm up the runway

10 degrees either side of centerline extending 18nm up the runway

30
Q

What is the standard WIDTH of the Localizer? (not SSV)

A

ALWAYS 700’ wide at the Threshold

usually between 3-6 degrees

31
Q

How does a DME determine a/c location from the station?

A
  • A/c (airborne) sends signal to receiver (ground), the station transponder interrogates the signal and then sends it back to the a/c
  • The TIME it takes for the a/c to receive the signal back is measured and used to determine a/c location from the station
32
Q

What are the 3 major parts of an Instrument Landing System (ILS)?

A
  1. Localizer
  2. Glideslope
  3. Marker Beacons
33
Q

What major error(s) are associated with the Glideslope

A

False Glideslopes

34
Q

How would you complete a Dual VOR check?

A

Compare 2 INDEPENDENT VOR receivers installed int he same a/c against each other

Bearing readings should be within 4 degrees

35
Q

What are the 4 ways to check you VOR receiver?

A
  1. VOT (180 TO 360 FR)
  2. Airborne
  3. Dual (within 4)
  4. Ground check
36
Q

What is Variation?

A

The difference between True and Magnetic North

37
Q

How is AHRS powered? How does it work (what are the components?)

A

All electrical

Rate sensors and Accelorometers that use inertial sensors, rate gyros and magnetometers to determine which way is level and which way is North)

2 axis tilt sensors

38
Q

What does the ADC do?

A

Receives and processes pitot pressure, static pressure, and temperature

Outputs altitude, IAS, TAS and air temp

39
Q

If the front hole of the pitot tube became blocked, what would happen?

A

The Airspeed Indicator would drop to 0

40
Q

If the static port becomes blocked, what would the Altimeter do?

A

Altimeter would FREEZE because the pressure is trapped

41
Q

If the static port becomes blocked, what would the VSI do?

A

The VSI would indicate level flight (0, no change/trend)

42
Q

If the static port becomes blocked, what would the ASI do?

A

The IAS would be inaccurate!

43
Q

What would happen if the front and back of the pitot tube became blocked?

A

ASI would act like an altimeter

  • The pressure inside would become trapped, therefore the ASI would remain frozen at whatever airspeed in level flight
  • ASI would increase if you entered a climb
  • ASI woud decrease if you entered a descent
44
Q

What does the Emergency Battery in the Piper Archer power?

A

The Emergency BUS:

  • All STBY instrument functions
  • PFD functions
  • Nav 1/Com 1
  • Audio Panel

POH 7-43

45
Q

How long will the Archer’s Emergency Battery last?

A

Minimum of 30 minutes power

POH 7-43

46
Q

What is Pressure Altitude (PA)?

A

The height above the standard datum plane (29.92”)

47
Q

If you use the Alternate Static source in the Archer, what other things must you do?

A

Storm Window and Cabin Vents must be CLOSED

Cabin heater and defroster must be ON

POH 7-52